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961.
摘 要 该研究使用内隐联想测验(IAT)考察了成人依恋的主要表现形式恋爱关系中,恋爱受挫对被试自我—他人工作模型的影响。结果表明:(1)虽然实验组与控制组在依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分上均无显著差异,但IAT结果发现,组别、依恋类型在IAT效应(自我积极—他人消极模型指标)上的主效应显著,其交互作用也显著。除了回避型被试,安全型和焦虑型实验组的IAT效应显著高于控制组。(2)控制组中,焦虑型被试相容部分反应时显著大于不相容部分,回避型被试则相容部分反应时显著小于不相容部分,安全型被试无显著差异。 相似文献
962.
试题难度、试题考查重要性程度加权是多级记分试题的两个基本属性, 因而在IRT项目特征函数中需用不同参数来表示。以往多级记分模型用多个难度参数来描述多级记分试题的难度, 不能有效的表达多级记分试题的分数权重作用。从多级记分试题的分数加权作用角度, 本文提出Logistic加权模型并论述了理论构建思想。在Logistic加权模型下对项目参数估计的EM算法进行推导并编写了相应的参数估计程序。在Logistic加权模型下进行测验模拟, 发现项目参数估计的模拟返真性能良好。 相似文献
963.
Response style analysis with threshold and multi‐process IRT models: A review and tutorial
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Ulf Böckenholt Thorsten Meiser 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2017,70(1):159-181
Two different item response theory model frameworks have been proposed for the assessment and control of response styles in rating data. According to one framework, response styles can be assessed by analysing threshold parameters in Rasch models for ordinal data and in mixture‐distribution extensions of such models. A different framework is provided by multi‐process item response tree models, which can be used to disentangle response processes that are related to the substantive traits and response tendencies elicited by the response scale. In this tutorial, the two approaches are reviewed, illustrated with an empirical data set of the two‐dimensional ‘Personal Need for Structure’ construct, and compared in terms of multiple criteria. Mplus is used as a software framework for (mixed) polytomous Rasch models and item response tree models as well as for demonstrating how parsimonious model variants can be specified to test assumptions on the structure of response styles and attitude strength. Although both frameworks are shown to account for response styles, they differ on the quantitative criteria of model selection, practical aspects of model estimation, and conceptual issues of representing response styles as continuous and multidimensional sources of individual differences in psychological assessment. 相似文献
964.
Animal cognition + optimal choice = behavior: A review of adaptive behavior and learning, 2nd Ed., by J. E. R. Staddon
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J. J McDowell 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2017,108(1):125-138
Staddon discusses a vast array of topics in comparative psychology in this book. His view is that adaptive behavior in most cases is the result of optimal choice acting on an animal's knowledge about the world. Staddon refers to this as a functional teleonomic approach inasmuch as it attempts to understand an animal's behavior in terms of goals. He builds mathematical models based on this idea that are designed to reproduce specific sets of empirical observations, usually qualitatively. A natural consequence of Staddon's approach is that many models are developed, each of which applies to a specific set of observations. An alternative to functional teleonomy is a functional approach that builds on prior principles. In most cases, this approach favors a single‐theory account of behavior. Prior principles can be understood as functional stand‐ins for antecedent material causes, which means that these accounts are closer to mechanistic theories than are goal‐based teleonomic accounts. An ontological perspective, referred to as supervenient realism, is a means of understanding the relationship between functional theories and the material world. According to this perspective, the algorithmic operation of a successful functional theory may be understood to supervene on the material operation of the nervous system. 相似文献
965.
The autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) model synthesizes the autoregressive model and the latent growth curve model. The ALT model is flexible enough to produce a variety of discrepant model-implied change trajectories. While some researchers consider this a virtue, others have cautioned that this may confound interpretations of the model's parameters. In this article, we show that some—but not all—of these interpretational difficulties may be clarified mathematically and tested explicitly via likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) imposed on the initial conditions of the model. We show analytically the nested relations among three variants of the ALT model and the constraints needed to establish equivalences. A Monte Carlo simulation study indicated that LRTs, particularly when used in combination with information criterion measures, can allow researchers to test targeted hypotheses about the functional forms of the change process under study. We further demonstrate when and how such tests may justifiably be used to facilitate our understanding of the underlying process of change using a subsample (N = 3,995) of longitudinal family income data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. 相似文献
966.
Peter C. M. Molenaar 《Multivariate behavioral research》2017,52(2):242-258
Equivalences of two classes of dynamic models for weakly stationary multivariate time series are discussed: dynamic factor models and autoregressive models. It is shown that exploratory dynamic factor models can be rotated, yielding an infinite set of equivalent solutions for any observed series. It also is shown that dynamic factor models with lagged factor loadings are not equivalent to the currently popular state-space models, and that restriction of attention to the latter type of models may yield invalid results. The known equivalent vector autoregressive model types, standard and structural, are given a new interpretation in which they are conceived of as the extremes of an innovating type of hybrid vector autoregressive models. It is shown that consideration of hybrid models solves many problems, in particular with Granger causality testing. 相似文献
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968.
969.
多阶段混合增长模型(PGMM)可对发展过程中的阶段性及群体异质性特征进行分析,在能力发展、行为发展及干预、临床心理等研究领域应用广泛。PGMM可在结构方程模型和随机系数模型框架下定义,通常使用基于EM算法的极大似然估计和基于马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛模拟的贝叶斯推断两种方法进行参数估计。样本量、测量时间点数、潜在类别距离等因素对模型及参数估计有显著影响。未来应加强PGMM与其它增长模型的比较研究;在相同或不同的模型框架下研究数据特征、类别属性等对参数估计方法的影响。 相似文献
970.
随着公司各类丑闻和腐败事件的不断曝光,腐败受到管理学领域的广泛关注。本文基于腐败的定义,对个体腐败和组织腐败的影响因素加以回顾,从动态和多层次的视角总结了腐败从个体现象演变成群体或组织现象的过程模型,主要包括腐败常规化模型、道德推脱模型、社会认同模型和情绪诱发模型。最后,从探索其他影响因素及交互作用、对群体腐败提出假设并检验、进一步构建腐败理论三个方面对该领域的未来研究方向做出展望。 相似文献