THE COMPLEX NONLINEAR THINKING: EDGAR MORIN'S DEMAND OF A REFORM OF THINKING AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF SYNERGETICS

Main principles of the complex nonlinear thinking which are based on the notions of the modern theory of evolution and self-organization of complex systems called also synergetics are under discussion in this article. The principles are transdisciplinary, holistic, and oriented to a human being. The notions of system complexity, nonlinearity of evolution, creative chaos, space-time definiteness of structure-attractors of evolution, resonant influences, nonlinear and soft management are here of great importance. In this connection, a prominent contribution made to system analysis and to a necessary reform of education and thinking by Edgar Morin is considered.     

MISSING LINKS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM: FOUR DIMENSIONS FOR CHANGE

Our society is changing at a pace hardly imagined a century, even a few decades ago. The role of education is crucial in helping prepare our young people to both cope with and take responsibility for shaping these changes in ways consistent with the values of a free society. To this end, four overarching themes for change in curriculum are examined: (1) the competencies and attitudes needed to understand and engage in systems thinking; (2) the development of self and inter-personal knowledge and skills; (3) understanding of the connectiveness of knowledge; and (4) the ability to think critically.     

The civilized individual

In this paper, we present a new approach to improve the performance of a genetic algorithm. This approach sheds a new light on the concept of identity in a biomimetic system. We argue that introducing redundancy at the component level emphasizes the identity of the system. Then we present the Dynamic Logic of Contradiction elaborated by the philosopher Stephane Lupasco and we show how it relates to our proposition. This correlation allows us to give a meaning to the concept of identity.     

Simulating Benevolence: Obstructing Systemic Problem Solving

Traditional methods of evaluating and solving world problems are insufficient to deal with today's issues, which are complex and interconnected, and therefore cannot be understood, or solved, in isolation. The author's study aimed to better understand behaviors that impact systemic problems in the capacity-building community. The resultant theory of simulating benevolence conceptualizes a collection of behaviors where change agents undertake activities that are not in the best interest of community members. Instead, activities satisfy the need for activity, involvement, and excitement. This theory has real-world implications in the pursuit of systemic social change. In any social context, a change agent cannot merely go through the motions of change, seemingly behaving active and engaged, at the expense of those that he or she claims to help.     

Fantasy proneness and counterfactual thinking

Counterfactual thinking (CFT; mentally simulating alternatives to reality) is central to learning and motivation. Two studies explored the relationship between CFT and fantasy proneness, a personality trait typified by excessive fantasies hard to distinguish from reality. In study1, participants completed a fictional diary entry which was used to measure spontaneous CFT and the Creative Experiences Questionnaire measure of fantasy proneness. Fantasy proneness was significantly correlated with the generation of counterfactual thoughts. Both CFT and fantasy proneness have been independently associated with low mood and study2 included a measure of negative emotional state (the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale) in addition to the CEQ and CFT. Fantasy proneness and negative emotion both predicted CFT, but no interaction between them was observed. The results suggest that individuals high in fantasy proneness have a general tendency to think counterfactually.     

On perverse thinking

Abstract

Perverse thinking is found not only in perversion, but also in other psychic structures. It is bound neither to aggressive nor to sexual experience. It is a state of mental functioning outside reality and fantasy, and occurs whenever an individual gets into an existential irritation, which demands a fundamental change. It creates denial as a protection against destruction that does not really change reality, but creates another reality besides the objective one. It is thinking in terms of two incompatible realities and the replacement of the knowledge of its incompatibility by the idea of its being normal: the acceptance of the coexistence of two states of thinking that are excluding one another is the perversion of normality. By the use of some case material, this paper demonstrates how this mode of functioning can intrude into transference-countertransference dynamics, and how one can try to handle it.

Ermann M. Über perverses Denken. Eine Fallvignette.

Perverses Denken tritt nicht nur in der klinisch manifesten Perversion auf, sondern kann auch bei anderen psychischen Organisationen in Erscheinung treten. Es ist weder an aggressive noch an sexuelle Akte gebunden. Perverses Denken ist ein Funktionszustand, der außerhalb der Realität und der Phantasiewelt liegt und auftritt, wenn grundlegende Veränderungen bevorstehen. Es schafft eine Verleugnung als Schutz gegen Destruktion, verändert aber nicht wirklich die Realität, sondern schafft eine zweite Wirklichkeit neben der objektiven. Es besteht darin, dass die Betroffenen gleichzeitig in zwei unvereinbaren Realitäten denken und die Unvereinbarkeit verleugnet wird. Das Nebeneinander wird zur Normalität erklärt. Diese Art des Denkens, ihr Einfluss auf die analytische Beziehung und eine Möglichkeit, damit umzugehen, werden in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.

Ermann M. Acerca del pensar perverso. Una viñ eta clínica.

El pensamiento perverso, no se encuentra solamente en la perversión, sino también en otras estructuras psíquicas. No está asociado a las experiencias sexuales o de agresión. Se trata de un funcionamiento mental fuera de la realidad y de la fantasía, y ocurre cuando un individuo tiene una irritación existencial, que demanda un cambio fundamental. Crea una negación como una protección contra la destrucción que no cambia la realidad necesariamente, pero produce otra realidad a lado de la realidad objetiva. Es pensar en términos de dos realidades incompatibles y la idea de ese pensamiento como si fuera normal, reemplaza el conocimiento de esta incompatibilidad: Aceptar la coexistencia de dos estados de pensamiento excluyentes en sí mismos es la perversión de la normalidad. A través de material de un caso el presente trabajo demuestra cómo este modo de funcionamiento puede introducirse en la dinámica de la transferencia contratransferencia, y cómo puede ser manejada.     

Positive fantasies about idealized futures sap energy

Positive fantasies allow people to mentally indulge in a desired future. Whereas previous research found that spontaneously generated positive fantasies about the future predict poor achievement, we examined the effect of experimentally induced positive fantasies about the future. The present four experiments identify low energy, measured by physiological and behavioral indicators, as a mechanism by which positive fantasies translate into poor achievement. Induced positive fantasies resulted in less energy than fantasies that questioned the desired future (Study 1), negative fantasies (Study 2), or neutral fantasies (Study 3). Additionally, positive fantasies yielded a larger decrease in energy when they pertained to a more rather than a less pressing need (Study 4). Results indicate that one reason positive fantasies predict poor achievement is because they do not generate energy to pursue the desired future.     

对低危前列腺癌治疗策略的再认识及思考

前列腺癌被认为是老年男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。近年来,PSA筛查技术的广泛使用提高了前列腺癌的检出率。但许多低危的非致命性的前列腺癌患者却承受着过度治疗所带来的毒副反应风险。作者就当前用于减少低危前列腺癌过度治疗的新策略进行描述,如观察等待和主动监测策略,并指出癌症的过度治疗是很普遍的现象。未来需要发展更多的对恶性肿瘤进...     

实验诊断临床思维程序的必要性及其内容

为提高临床实验诊断的效率和准确性,提出编写“实验诊断临床思维程序”的观点。从实验诊断学的特性及发展趋势方面论述了该程序的必要性,并初步拟定了包括项目选择、结果判断和结果应用三个部分的实验诊断临床思维程序。     

发育性髋关节脱位患者复位后固定方法的演变

发育性髋关节脱位是小儿骨科常见病之一,要想使其获得理想的治疗,必须做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。髋关节复位后的固定方法随着临床实践在不断更新,使手术治疗效果有了明显的进步,其间包含以下哲学观点：（1）事物需要从实践中认识,认识需要过程。（2）外固定器治疗具有普遍性和特殊性,选择适合个体的,达到最优效果。