试论环境道德教育的本质特征

环境道德教育是培养解决环境问题应具备的价值观和态度的教育,是环境教育的有机组成部分,它是一种素质教育、人格教育;是一种社会教育、大众教育;是一种全面的、持续的终身教育。它拓展了现代教育的空域时序人种囿见,最有可能成为跨越各种差异的国际性教育。     

Two modes of confidence rating: An effect of episodic information of participant's own past responses in a repeated-question paradigm

Abstract: General knowledge questions with two answer alternatives were employed in experimental session 1; in session 2, the same questions were presented together with participants' own session-1 responses. In order to examine whether or not the episodic information of participant's own responses would suppress standard confidence-rating mode in session 2, rates of answer- and confidence-changes between sessions were analyzed. In session 2, participants were able to change the confidence value to another, if they thought the initial value inadequate. They then had a chance to change the answer to the other and rated their confidence in the new answer. The major results were as follows: (a) Between-session answer change rate was very low; (b) Between-session answer change rate was not a monotonic decreasing function of confidence; (c) However, the rate depended on confidence change from session 1 to before-answer-change rating. These results clearly contrasted with a previous study ( Saito, 1998 ) in which episodic information of participant's own session 1 answers and confidence values was not presented. It was argued that the episodic information triggered another mode of confidence rating or a decision inertia effect.     

Afterword: On the Study of Religion in Public Institutions

Each of the essays presented enters the conversation about religion in public institutions through a different analytic doorway. The essays presented here enlarge and challenge various aspects of our initial analytic framework and enable us to see our blind spots and propose next steps. Reflecting on the contributions, we outline three additional issues to consider: the centrality of religion to the organizational identity or to organizational goal achievement, the effect of a specific aspect of the institution's organizational structure on religion, and the relevance of larger cross‐national differences for explaining differences in the same institution across national borders. Finally, we call for additional cross‐national case studies that will enable continued development of the comparative framework we propose.     

Effects of the good behavior game across classroom contexts

The Good Behavior Game (GBG), a well‐researched classroom group contingency, is typically played for brief periods of time, which raises questions about the effects on subsequent contexts. This study used a multiple baseline design and showed that when the GBG was implemented in one context, behavior improved in only that context. Behavior improved in the subsequent activity only when the GBG was implemented.     

Building Institutions for the Next 50 Years of Creativity Research

The Journal of Creative Behavior 's remarkable half‐century is a good occasion for reflecting on the role of a scholarly field's institutions in fostering creative work. In creativity studies, some of our institutions are flourishing, particularly our many excellent peer‐reviewed journals. But we face some institutional challenges that will require some creative solutions from creativity researchers. This article considers three challenges: (a) how to train and place the next generation of scholars when so few creativity researchers work at doctoral‐level graduate programs; (b) how to tighten the field's social network by bringing together people from different subfields and career stages in face‐to‐face gatherings; and (c) how to identify and develop the leadership needed to manage our scholarly organizations.     

Neither justice nor charity? Kant on ‘general injustice’

We often make a distinction between what we owe as a matter of repayment, and what we give or offer out of charity. But how shall we describe our obligations to fellow citizens when we are in a position to be charitable because of a past injustice on the part of the state? This essay examines the moral implications of past injustice by considering Immanuel Kant’s remarks on this phenomenon in his lectures and writings. In particular, it discusses the role of the state and the individual in addressing the problem.     

To thy own self be true: finding the utility of cognitive information feedback

This study utilized Extended MSE Analysis to investigate the effects of two types of cognitive feedback on judgmental accuracy. Participants judged the income levels of respondents to the General Social Survey in both dilution and non‐dilution scenarios, received feedback, and then repeated those judgments. Task information feedback produced improvements in judgmental accuracy, and this improvement occurred primarily from a reduction in the standard deviation of participants' judgments and an increase in the consistency with which they applied their judgment policies. Cognitive information feedback produced little effect when presented alone, but produced accuracy gains superior to all other conditions when combined with task information. We conclude by discussing the specific conditions whereby each form of feedback is likely to be effective. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小学数学教师职业知识的结构与内在关系

本研究以小学数学分数起始教学为媒介,通过自编的小学数学教师职业知识测验,考察了162名小学数学教师在学科知识、一般教育学知识和教育实践知识等三类知识上的表现,并据此探讨了这三类职业知识间的相互关系。研究结果表明,自编的小学数学职业知识测验具有良好的信度和结构效度,教师的学科知识和一般教育学知识能显著地预测其教育实践知识。     

中美医师资格考试的比较及启示

美国医师执照考试经过80多年的发展,目前已经形成了系统化、规范化和科学化的考试体系.我国医师资格考试起步晚,亟待规范、完善和发展.综合运用比较分析、文献分析等方法进行中美医师资格考试的比较研究,为改革我国执业医师考试提供经验和做法.