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851.
852.
以226名将汉语作为第二语言的越南大学一到四年级学生为研究对象,以低频独体字、部件熟悉假字和部件不熟悉假字为材料,采用延迟书写任务,考察了不同年级的越南大学生汉字部件意识的发展及其影响因素。结果发现:(1)学习3个月汉语的大一学生能以部件作为汉字加工单元,其延迟书写部件熟悉假字显著好于低频独体字,并与高年级学生没有差异,说明越南大学生很早就发展出了汉字部件意识;(2)不同年级大学生书写部件不熟悉假字的成绩都显著低于部件熟悉假字,也低于低频独体字,表明部件构字能力是越南大学生汉字书写的重要影响因素。(3)越南大一学生的汉字书写成绩受到汉字结构的影响,左右结构优于上下结构,但其他年级的成绩不受汉字结构的影响。 相似文献
853.
采用整群抽样法,选取651名六年级小学生及其所属班级的21名班主任为被试,考察学生学业成绩和教师控制知觉对教师差别行为的影响及作用机制,探讨教师控制知觉的中介作用及其学生性别差异。结果显示:(1)女生报告获得教师更多积极行为,男生报告获得教师更多消极行为;(2)在控制了学生性别与学校地区以后,学生学业成绩仍能有效预测教师差别行为中的机会特权、情感支持和指导控制等行为,教师控制知觉能够有效预测机会特权、指导控制、情感支持和负性反馈等行为;(3)教师控制知觉在学生学业成绩与教师差别行为之间起中介作用;(4)教师控制知觉的中介模型存在学生性别差异,男生群体为完全中介作用,女生群体为部分中介作用。 相似文献
854.
汉字听写是小学生读写能力的重要组成部分,受多种认知技能影响。以858名小学一至六年级学生为对象,考察了元语言意识(语音意识、语素意识、正字法意识)和快速命名对汉字听写的影响,在控制了智力和口语词汇的影响后,结果发现:(1)语音意识和正字法意识在低年级儿童的汉字听写中起着重要作用,对中、高年级没有显著影响;(2)快速命名在中、高年级儿童的汉字听写中起着独特作用,而对低年级没有显著影响;(3)语素意识对整个小学阶段的汉字听写都起着重要作用。研究结果表明,各认知技能在儿童不同的发展阶段对汉字听写的作用有所不同。 相似文献
855.
856.
Implicit learning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Implicit learning appears to be a fundamental and ubiquitous process in cognition. Although defining and operationalizingimplicit learning remains a central theoretical challenge, scientists' understanding of implicit learning has progressed significantly. Beyond establishing the existence of "learning without awareness," current research seeks to identify the cognitive processes that support implicit learning and addresses the relationship between learning and awareness of what was learned. The emerging view of implicit learning emphasizes the role of associative learning mechanisms that exploit statistical dependencies in the environment in order to generate highly specific knowledge representations. 相似文献
857.
A longitudinal data set was used to examine the relationships between family demands and job attribute preferences. Study participants were 207 students who responded to surveys upon entering the MBA program of a large university and to follow-up surveys 1, 2, and 3 years later. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that preferences for short, flexible work hours at earlier time periods positively predicted hours of household labor at later times, which supports a rational action model. Significant interaction effects indicated that the relationship between the importance of work hours and household labor was stronger for women than for men, which indicates that women were more likely than men to develop plans for combining work and family. Higher levels of household labor were associated with increased preferences for short, flexible work hours, and a comfortable work environment, which supports an accommodation model, but MBA students performing more household labor did not show a reduction in the desire for high salaries, good benefits, and intrinsically rewarding work. 相似文献
858.
Trudeau Kimberlee J. Danoff-Burg Sharon Revenson Tracey A. Paget Stephen A. 《Sex roles》2003,49(7-8):303-311
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the previously found relations among the gender-linked personality orientations of agency, communion, unmitigated agency, and unmitigated communion, and health outcomes existed within a sample of adults with rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic disease that is more prevalent among women than among men. We obtained self-report data from 158 participants on the gender-linked personality orientations, psychological distress, disability, pain, and life satisfaction. As hypothesized, regression analyses indicated that agency was significantly associated with better health outcomes, whereas unmitigated communion was associated with poorer health outcomes. Assessment of these personality variables in people with rheumatoid arthritis may help to identify those at high risk for adverse outcomes. 相似文献
859.
Gerry Pallier 《Sex roles》2003,48(5-6):265-276
Generally, self-assessment of accuracy in the cognitive domain produces overconfidence, whereas self-assessment of the accuracy of visual perceptual judgments produces underconfidence. The possible effect of gender differences on these robust findings appears to be underinvestigated. In this paper, I report two studies that take a step toward redressing this shortcoming. In Study 1, a group of young adults (N =185) were presented with a test of General Knowledge and a visual perceptual task. The results indicated the typical over/underconfidence phenomena noted above, but, when analyzed by sex, indicated statistically significant differences; men were more confident than women on both tasks. In Study 2, participants (N =303) with a wider age range completed 4 tests of cognitive ability, which were drawn from the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Results indicated that the tendency for men to express higher levels of confidence than women in the accuracy of their work appears to remain constant across the life-span. These findings are discussed in relation to self-concept and gender stereotyping. 相似文献
860.
Most empirical research on feminist consciousness has been conducted with North American women. In this study we examined feminist consciousness and attitudes toward women's issues among Russian and American women and men. Survey data from undergraduate students provide evidence of both cross-cultural and gender-related differences. Women scored higher than men on 4 of the 5 aspects of feminist consciousness measured in this study. American students scored higher on three aspects of feminist consciousness; however, Russian students were higher on sensitivity to sexism. Data concerning attitudes toward specific women's issues are also presented. Findings suggest that judgments about feminist consciousness based solely on these attitudes could lead to misconceptions about levels of feminist consciousness across cultures. 相似文献