On Retaining Classical Truths and Classical Deducibility in Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logics

In this paper, I identify the source of the differences between classical logic and many-valued logics (including fuzzy logics) with respect to the set of valid formulas and the set of inferences sanctioned. In the course of doing so, we find the conditions that are individually necessary and jointly sufficient for any many-valued semantics (again including fuzzy logics) to validate exactly the classically valid formulas, while sanctioning exactly the same set of inferences as classical logic. This in turn shows, contrary to what has sometimes been claimed, that at least one class of infinite-valued semantics is axiomatizable.     

多级估量法在大学生职业价值观研究中的应用

用模糊数学中的多级估量法对532名大学生的职业价值观进行调查研究,结论如下(1)当代大学生的职业价值观呈现出多元化的特点,在多元化的职业价值体系中,"充分发挥能力"、创造性"、"收入"处于前三位,"地位、名声"、"成长为领导者"、"冒险",处于后三位.(2)用多级估量法不但可以得到用排序法得到的信息,而且可以得到用排序法得不到的更加细致的信息.(3)就整体而言,大学生的职业价值观不因其所在的学校、所学的专业科类、是否临近毕业、性别等因素的不同而不同.就部分而言,上述四大因素都对大学生的某些职业价值项目有一定的影响.     

Relating Quine's NF to Feferman's EM

We show that, if non-uniform impredicative stratified comprehension is assumed, Feferman's theories of explicit mathematics are consistent with a strong power type axiom. This result answers a problem, raised by Jäger. The proof relies upon an interpretation into Quine's set theory NF with urelements.     

A stochastic multidimensional unfolding approach for representing phased decision outcomes

This paper presents a stochastic multidimensional unfolding (MDU) procedure to spatially represent individual differences in phased or sequential decision processes. The specific application or scenario to be discussed involves the area of consumer psychology where consumers form judgments sequentially in their awareness, consideration, and choice set compositions in a phased or sequential manner as more information about the alternative brands in a designated product/service class are collected. A brief review of the consumer psychology literature on these nested congnitive sets as stages in phased decision making is provided. The technical details of the proposed model, maximum likelihood estimation framework, and algorithm are then discussed. A small scale Monte Carlo analysis is presented to demonstrate estimation proficiency and the appropriateness of the proposed model selection heuristic. An application of the methodology to capture awareness, consideration, and choice sets in graduate school applicants is presented. Finally, directions for future research and other potential applications are given.     

Model for Assessing Quality of Online Health Information: A Fuzzy VIKOR Based Method

Today, tens and thousands of websites provide health‐related information on various topics to a growing number of consumers. However, the lay user is often faced with a challenge of determining the quality of information provided by one site from the other. To ensure the protection of users from sites that provide unreliable and unsafe information, there has to be a competent reviewing body that rates and ranks the quality of information provided by each site. This paper (i) proposes a new criteria framework for assessing the quality of online health information and (ii) uses a fuzzy ‘visekriterijumska optimicija i kompromisno resenje’ method to demonstrate how online health information providers could be assessed and ranked based on their quality. The fuzzy modelling uses pre‐defined linguistic variables parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers in the assessment and subsequent ranking of providers under a particular health topic. A numerical example is demonstrated using diabetes online information providers to show how the assessment and ranking is carried out. The proposed framework provides functional basis for evaluating the quality of internet health information providers on any particular health topic. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Learn locally, act globally: Learning language from variation set cues

Variation set structure - partial overlap of successive utterances in child-directed speech - has been shown to correlate with progress in children’s acquisition of syntax. We demonstrate the benefits of variation set structure directly: in miniature artificial languages, arranging a certain proportion of utterances in a training corpus in variation sets facilitated word and phrase constituent learning in adults. Our findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms of L1 acquisition by children, and for the development of more efficient algorithms for automatic language acquisition, as well as better methods for L2 instruction.     

A Generic Framework for Adaptive Vague Logics

In this paper, we present a generic format for adaptive vague logics. Logics based on this format are able to (1) identify sentences as vague or non-vague in light of a given set of premises, and to (2) dynamically adjust the possible set of inferences in accordance with these identifications, i.e. sentences that are identified as vague allow only for the application of vague inference rules and sentences that are identified as non-vague also allow for the application of some extra set of classical logic rules. The generic format consists of a set of minimal criteria that must be satisfied by the vague logic in casu in order to be usable as a basis for an adaptive vague logic. The criteria focus on the way in which the logic deals with a special ⊡-operator. Depending on the kind of logic for vagueness that is used as a basis for the adaptive vague logic, this operator can be interpreted as completely true, definitely true, clearly true, etc. It is proven that a wide range of famous logics for vagueness satisfies these criteria when extended with a specific ⊡-operator, e.g. fuzzy basic logic and its well known extensions, cf. [7], super- and subvaluationist logics, cf. [6], [9], and clarity logic, cf. [13]. Also a fuzzy logic is presented that can be used for an adaptive vague logic that can deal with higher-order vagueness. To illustrate the theory, some toy-examples of adaptive vague proofs are provided.     

Factors affecting responses to Likert type questionnaires: introduction of the ImpExp,a new comprehensive model

The major purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model describing the effects of response sets within the theory framework of the stages of responding to questionnaires, and taking into account the effects of collectivist and individualist attributes within cross-cultural contexts. The introduction of this model aims to provide a construct that may help minimize biases in questionnaire-based research as well as providing new directions for theoretical and empirical research in the field of response sets.