和谐医患命运共同体建设的思考

医患关系作为医疗诊治活动中最主要的关系,是以医护人员为核心的群体与以患者为核心的群体之间的关系。近来,医患关系在一定程度上的对立以及由此引发的社会公共事件激起了广泛的社会反响。旨在通过构建人类命运共同体对医患关系的启示,结合社会现实和医患关系实际,从医患双方生命至重的理念统一、防病治病的过程统一、平等尊重的人文情怀统一以及权利义务的关系统一等方面,对当前医患关系进行深入分析,对“和谐医患命运共同体”的建设加以阐释,以期对医患关系的深入探讨提出可行性的建议和支持。     

未来思维与问题性网络使用的关联机制:基于网络模型的分析*

缺乏未来的远见与思考是问题性网络使用（problematic internet use, PIU）发生发展的重要原因之一。而未来思维与PIU的相互作用尚不清楚。研究使用网络分析方法探讨未来思维的认知（未来情景思维、未来自我连续性和延迟折扣）、情感（预期愉悦）和个体差异成分（时间洞察力）与PIU的相互作用,并采用模拟算法识别PIU的最佳干预靶点。通过对2685名被试调查分析后发现:（1）未来思维的认知和情感成分以及未来积极洞察力与PIU呈显著负相关。（2）时间洞察力是PIU的远端因素,而未来思维的认知与情感成分在两者之间起中介作用。（3）预期清晰性是预防PIU恶化的最佳干预靶点,而未来自我生动性是促使PIU改善的最佳干预靶点。研究结果对于理解PIU的心理机制和制定干预策略具有重要意义。     

高中生未来职业规划的发展趋势:基于潜变量增长模型的分析

为揭示高中生未来职业规划发展趋势;探究公正世界信念的影响;通过2年共5次问卷调查;对1646名高中生进行测试。潜变量增长模型分析发现:(1)高中生未来职业探索的发展趋势呈两阶段性;即先下降后增长;(2)高中生未来职业投入的发展趋势可分为2个亚组;高投入下降组和低投入增长组;(3)一般公正世界信念可以预测高中生未来职业探索的发展速率;个人公正世界信念可以预测高中生未来职业投入的发展趋势。研究结果揭示了公正世界信念对高中生未来职业规划发展轨迹的预测作用;验证了公正世界信念理论;对高中职业规划教育具有重要启示。     

通过发展区域规划建设更加健康的未来

论述有关城市在这个更大范围的地区和全球系统中的位置,以及这些系统对城市和城市居民“健康”的影响。提出倡议:为了建设更健康的未来,城市需要参与并且对其地域生态的发展产生影响,而作为一个全方位的改革的一部分,城市应该将健康和人类的发展作为关注的重点。     

中药有效成分研究与中医现代化

中药有效成分的提取可以看作是炮制方法的延伸,有效成分的研究是中药现代化的关键,有助于探索中医理论的实质,可望为中医现代化打开缺口。     

创新促进烧伤医学的发展

勇于探索和创新,则事业有成;因循守旧,则停滞不前。持续50余年的烧伤治疗创新大潮极大地推进了中国与欧美等国的烧伤医学向前发展。     

Methodological Considerations in the Neuropsychological Study of Central Nervous System Underarousal with a Specific Emphasis on Coma

Several obstacles exist that impede the scientific study of pathological underarousal (stupor and coma). For instance, there is a lack of a clear, rational, standardized taxonomy with which to describe the phenomenon. Moreover, there is considerable confusion of the construct of arousal with other neurobehavioral constructs. The field also suffers from a general lack of acceptably reliable and valid instruments, especially measures of long-term outcome. Additionally, current treatments for chronic pathological underarousal are frequently presumptive and applied haphazardly, and thus do little to elucidate the process of recovery. It is suggested that biomedical and neuropsychological approaches to the study and treatment of pathological underarousal are complementary and that it is useful to view pathological underarousal as a behavioral, as well as a medical, phenomenon.     

Psychological Interventions and Genetic Testing: Facilitating Informed Decisions About BRCA1/2 Cancer Susceptibility

Genetic testing for inherited cancer susceptibility, based on the recently identified. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, will soon be available on a large scale. However, at present, genetic test results do not lead to clearly indicated diagnostic or preventive measures, and the nature of the psychological impact of BRCA1/2 testing is still largely unknown. This uncertainty, combined with preliminary evidence suggesting significant individual differences in reactions to genetic susceptibility feedback, constitutes a unique challenge for any individual contemplating such testing. We outline the nature of this challenge and then propose an intervention strategy designed to help individuals make deeply processed and psychologically well-informed decisions with regard to their genetic susceptibility. The intervention is guided by recent research findings and theory on the cognitive–emotional processing of cancer-risk information. Specifically, the goal is to prepare the individual for genetic testing by (1) cognitively and emotionally activating, or preliving, the individual's potential reactions to testing feedback; (2) facilitating accurate appraisal of the individual's cognitive–emotional reactions; and (3) enabling the individual to process these reactions through the use of well-established clinical techniques.     

Understanding and Treating Pain in Ethnically Diverse Patients

A revolution has taken place during the past 25 years in the understanding and treatment of chronic pain. Psychologists have contributed tremendously to this revolution. However, the primary psychological models of pain treatment have failed to adequately integrate the empirical findings and theoretical understanding of the role of ethnic factors. The goal of this paper is to address this problem by demonstrating the importance of understanding ethnic factors in treating pain, providing an overview of ethnic factors in pain, and proposing guidelines for Clinical Psychologists who treat pain patients from ethnically diverse backgrounds.     

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES TRANSMITTING SCIENCE IN EARLY TWENTIETH‐CENTURY EASTERN TIBET

This article is based on the author's extensive research on the missionaries to Tibet from the Disciples of Christ (Christian Church) USA, and discusses various missionary efforts to transmit scientific and practical knowledge such as medicine, building, and agriculture in Eastern Tibet from 1904–1919. It shows that American missionaries played a prominent and distinctive role in the dissemination of scientific and practical knowledge as a result of their hard work and wisdom. In this sense, they made an important contribution to the development of Tibetan society and the modernization movement in early twentieth‐century Eastern Tibet.