Dynamic formation and destruction process of stacking fault tetrahedra in single-crystal Ni during nanoscale cryo-rolling

Stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) are known to form during the rolling process of face-centered cubic metals and to deteriorate their structural properties. However, the atomistic mechanism of formation and destruction of SFTs during such material processing is still unclear. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nanoscale cryo-rolling process for single-crystal nickel and here report the mechanism behind the formation and collapse of SFTs. It is found that SFTs are formed through dissociation of Shockley partial dislocation loops in the specimen. On the other hand, destruction of SFTs occurs under compressive stress and follows an inverse Silcox-Hirsch mechanism.     

背景音乐对消费者的影响：音乐契合度的视角

音乐契合度指的是背景音乐与广告、消费环境及商品特征等消费要素的契合程度。背景音乐与消费要素的契合可以体现在音乐特性、社会隐义和文化意蕴三个方面,这些契合程度能够对消费者的认知、情绪和行为等方面产生影响。若背景音乐的音乐特性与消费要素之间存在较高契合度,则能够提升消费者的注意效果、加强对商品的记忆并提升购买意图;背景音乐的社会隐义也能与消费要素产生契合关系,两者之间的契合程度决定了消费者对品牌的态度、情绪状态、对商品的记忆和选择;背景音乐与消费要素在文化意蕴方面的高度契合则能够促进消费者对品牌的态度、提升购买意愿、促进购买行为。未来研究应探索背景音乐更多的结构属性,进一步挖掘背景音乐影响消费者的边界条件,突破现有理论探索更深入的理论机制,并进一步探索音乐契合对于消费者认知和情绪的影响效应及其影响机制。     

环境光照的认知功效及其调节因素与作用机理

自人类视网膜上发现存在新型的内在光敏感神经节细胞以来, 环境光照对个体生理心理功能的非视觉作用备受研究者青睐, 其中环境光照对认知功能的非视觉作用结果并不十分一致且内在机理尚不明确。环境光照的认知功效会受到光学参数、光照模式、时间因素、个体差异以及任务特征等的共同调节。未来的研究需要从环境光对心理认知功能的作用模式, 动态办公照明系统的开发, 面向特殊群体的个性化照明以及光照非视觉作用产生的分子生物学机制等视角进行扩展和深化。     

背景颜色对一致性序列效应的调节

为满足迅速变化的环境要求,个体需要快速灵活地调整认知加工策略。背景颜色是一个重要的环境因素,它能够影响人的认知和行为表现。然而,背景颜色对认知控制在线调整的影响,是一个关键但又被忽略的问题。为解决这个问题,本研究采用字母flanker任务,考察了灰色、蓝色和红色背景条件下的一致性序列效应。结果发现,蓝色背景下的一致性序列效应不显著,而灰色和红色背景下得到了显著的一致性序列效应;此外,在这三种颜色背景下,flanker干扰效应无显著差异。这些结果说明,蓝色背景影响一致性序列效应,但干扰效应不受背景颜色的调节。当前的研究首次揭示了背景颜色对认知控制在线调整的影响,也进一步加深了我们对一致性序列效应的理解。     

学习材料的背景颜色对认知负荷及学习的影响

本研究采用2×2的多因素混合实验设计,探讨了物理学习环境之一的学习材料背景颜色对认知负荷及学习的影响。结果发现：（1）背景颜色在对认知负荷的影响上与任务类型产生交互作用,在解决创造性问题时,暖色调（如红色）背景下的认知负荷显著高于冷色调（如蓝色）。（2）从学习成绩上看,暖色调（如红色）更有利于记忆测试问题的解决,冷色调（如蓝色）更有利于创造性问题的解决。（3）认知负荷与任务绩效呈一定程度相关。     

The influence of background music on learners with varying extraversion: Seductive detail or beneficial effect?

Seductive details in general affect learning and cognitive load negatively. However, especially background music as a seductive detail may also influence the learner's arousal, whose optimal level depends on the learner's extraversion. Therefore, the effects of extraversion and background music on learning outcomes, cognitive load, and arousal were investigated. We tested 167 high school students and found better transfer outcomes for the group with background music. They also reported higher germane load, but no impact of background music on extraneous cognitive load or arousal was found. In the group without background music, learners with higher extraversion reached better recall scores, which was not found in the group with background music. Results may cautiously be interpreted that there is a beneficial impact of background music that compensates for the disadvantages of low extraverted learners and which cannot be explained through arousal.