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101.
This paper argues that Deonna and Teroni's attitudinal theory of emotions faces two serious problems. The first is that their master argument fails to establish the central tenet of the theory, namely, that the formal objects of emotions do not feature in the content of emotions. The second is that the attitudinal theory itself is vulnerable to a dilemma. By pointing out these problems, our paper provides indirect support to the main competitor of the attitudinal theory, namely, the perceptual theory of emotions. 相似文献
102.
Daniel Wodak 《Canadian journal of philosophy》2019,49(6):828-850
It is commonly said that some standards, such as morality, are ‘normatively authoritative’ in a way that other standards, such as etiquette, are not; standards like etiquette are said to be ‘not really normative’. Skeptics deny the very possibility of normative authority, and take claims like ‘etiquette is not really normative’ to be either empty or confused. I offer a different route to defeat skeptics about authority: instead of focusing on what makes standards like morality special, we should focus on what makes standards like etiquette ‘not really normative’. I defend a fictionalist theory on which etiquette is ‘not really normative’ in roughly the same way that Sherlock is ‘not really a detective’, and show that fictionalism about some normative standards helps us explain the possibility of normative authority. 相似文献
103.
Ignacio Hormazábal-Aguayo Omar Fernández-Vergara Nicole González-Calderón Francisca Vicencio-Rojas Javier Russell-Guzmán Cesar Chacana-Cañas Borja del Pozo-Cruz Antonio García-Hermoso 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2019,19(3):237-242
Background/ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of an 8-week before-school physical activity program to reduce bullying victimization among a group of socially disadvantaged children in the Active-Start study.MethodA non-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in three public schools classified as highly vulnerable and located in a deprived area of Santiago (Chile). A total of 5 classes participated, totaling 170 fourth grade children. The intervention was delivered before starting the first school-class (8:00–8:30 a.m.). The program lasted for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measurement on bullying victimization was assessed by the CUBE questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in the probability of suffering physical bullying (OR= 0.18, 95% CI, 0.04-0.82; p= .027) and verbal bullying (OR=0.13, 95% CI, 0.02-0.97; p= .046) after the 8-week program.ConclusionsParticipation in an 8-week before-school physical activity intervention implemented in schools located in a disadvantaged district in Santiago (Chile) resulted in lower levels of bullying victimization among study participants. The Active-Start program may be a feasible and potentially scalable intervention option to improve the climate and pro-sociality environment at schools. 相似文献
104.
Summary The purpose of this paper is to lay bare the major problems underlying the concept of downward causation as discussed within the perspective of the present interest for phenomena that are characterized by self-organization.In our discussion of the literature, we have focussed on two questions: (1) What sorts of things are said to be, respectively, causing and caused within the context of downward causation? And (2) What is the meaning of ‘causing’ in downward causation? We have concluded that the concept of ‘downward causation’ is muddled with regard to the meaning of causation and fuzzy with regard to the nature of the causes and the effects. Moreover, we have concluded that ‘causation’ in respect of ‘downward causation’ is usually understood in terms of explanation and determination rather than in terms of causation in the sense of ‘bringing about’. Thus, the term ‘downward causation’ is badly chosen. 相似文献
105.
106.
A recent initiative at Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India, has resulted in setting up a
program called Centre for Environment Studies and Socioresponsive Engineering which seeks to involve undergraduate students
in studying and solving environmental problems in and around the city of Hyderabad, India. Two pilot projects have been undertaken
— one focusing on design and construction of an eco-friendly house, The Natural House, and another directed at improving environmental
and general living conditions in a slum area.
The paper describes our attempts and experience of motivating our students to take interest in such projects. In an interesting
development we invited a member of a student-faculty team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) that is doing
a project in Nepal on safe drinking water. We report in our paper how the presentation by the guest from M.I.T. served as
a catalyst for generating interest among civil and mechanical engineering students in our own projects. The paper includes
contributions from one of our students and the M.I.T. staff member, reporting on their experiences related to the slum development
project.
We also discuss the Natural House project and its international and educational significance as a means of inculcating sensitivity
and interest in nature among engineering students. We propose a pledge for engineers similar to the Hippocratic Oath for medical
professionals. 相似文献
107.
This paper is a survey of V.A. Smirnovs main results in modern logic. 相似文献
108.
Lorenz B. Puntel 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1999,30(1):101-130
The present article purports to show that the protocol sentence debate, pursued by some leading members of the Vienna Circle
in the mid-1930s, was essentially a controversy over the explanation and the real significance of the concept of truth. It
is further shown that the fundamental issue underlying the discussions about the concept of truth was the relationship between
form and content, as well as between logic/language and the world. R. Carnap was the philosopher who most explicitly and systematically
attempted to come to grips with this problem. It is shown that the form-content distinction pervades the three most important
phases of Carnap's philosophical development: the structuralist (in Der logische Aufbau der Welt), the syntactical and the
semantical. His final semantical stance is essentially determined by the concept of linguistic frameworks. The article purports
to demonstrate that this concept cannot be dispensed with in philosophy, but that Carnap failed to work out its ontological
implications. Finally, the concept of an internal ontology is briefly delineated.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
109.
Grinnell F 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(2):205-214
Ambiguity associated with everyday practice of science has made it difficult to reach a consensus on how to define misconduct
in science. This essay outlines some of the important ambiguities of practice such as distinguishing data from noise, deciding
whether results falsify a hypothesis, and converting research into research publications. The problem of ambiguity is further
compounded by the prior intellectual commitments inherent in choosing problems and in dealing with the skepticism of one's
colleagues. In preparing a draft code of ethics for the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), an
attempt was made to take into account the ambiguities of practice. Also, the draft code adopted trust as its leading principle,
specifically the importance of trust as a condition necessary for there to be science. During revision of the code, the focus
on trust was changed. The new orientation was on trust as a consequence of carrying out science responsibly. By addressing
the obligations necessary to engender trust, the ASBMB ethics code not only sets professional standards, but also makes a
clear statement of public accountability. 相似文献
110.
Benkendorf JL Callanan NP Grobstein R Schmerler S FitzGerald KT 《Journal of genetic counseling》1992,1(1):31-39
This article reviews the work carried out by the NSGC ad hoc Committee on Ethical Codes and Principles between 1986 and 1991 and serves as a guide for interpreting the NSGC Code of Ethics. The NSGC Code of Ethics is written from the ethic of care perspective. It is based on the responsibilities that arise from the four primary relationships genetic counselors experience in their work: genetic counselors and themselves, their clients, their colleagues, and society. The values selected for each relationship and the resultant guidelines are explained. The Code of Ethics became effective January 1, 1992. 相似文献