Los Degradados: Out,down, dead: Transmitted and inflicted trauma as encountered in the analysis of a 6‐year‐old girl1

The author presents the analysis of a precocious traumatized little girl, which reveals the ways in which historical trauma is transmitted and intrafamilial trauma is both disguised and represented. The play as it evolves is seen to simultaneously communicate what the child struggles with and to resolutely try to hide what has actually happened. Analyst and child together participate in play which utilizes displacement, enactment and interactive enactment, the latter play mode being the very hallmark of profound traumatic experience. Carlotta, the child, helps the analyst to follow her quest for meaning making even as the interaction between them adheres to and departs from the deepening pentimenti of traumatic experience, which needs to be unraveled and reconstructed in order that her own developmental progression can be rejoined. The analysis facilitates Carlotta's capacity to play in a more unfettered fashion and to assist her family's recovery as well.     

The Impact of Fathers' Absence on African American Adolescents' Gender Role Development

Gender role development was assessed in 52 father-absent and 54 father-present African American adolescents. Father-present boys, especially those from lower-income backgrounds, had higher perceptions of their masculinity than did father-absent boys. Lower income father-absent girls perceived themselves to be higher in masculinity than did all other girls. Consequently, father-present adolescents tended to have more traditional gender role orientations than did those in father-absent homes. It is argued that mothers' and fathers' different socializing strategies balance out in two-parent homes. However, in father-absent homes, mothers' tendency to rely on and pressure their daughters fosters relatively more masculine girls, whereas a lack of father socialization fosters less masculine boys. Implications for theory and future research are also discussed.     

Identity styles and causality orientations: in search of the motivational underpinnings of the identity exploration process

This study examines relationships between constructs based on two perspectives on the development of self‐governance, namely Self‐Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) and Berzonsky's (1990) identity style model. Theoretically predictable relationships are found between the three causality orientations defined by SDT (autonomous, controlled, and impersonal) and the three identity styles proposed by Berzonsky (informational, normative, diffuse–avoidant) in a sample of Belgian late adolescents. An autonomous causality orientation is positively related to an informational identity style and negatively related to a diffuse–avoidant style. A controlled orientation is positively associated with a normative identity style, and an impersonal orientation is positively related to a diffuse–avoidant identity style. Participants' gender does not moderate these relationships. The findings suggest that the causality orientations late adolescents employ may play an important role in how actively and thoroughly they explore identity‐relevant issues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

准医务工作者角色定位目标与角色教育

准医务工作者能否准确把握自己的角色定位,实现角色目标,直接关系到将来能否更好的为患者服务,为社会服务.对准医务工作者角色定位目标及角色教育特征、教育体系构建进行研究探讨.     

国内关于职业声望的研究进展

自1995年以来,国内有关学者对当前国内的职业声望现状以及职业声望评价的影响因素进行了大量研究。本文对这些已有的成果进行了简单而较为系统的分析,并针对有关研究结论以及其中所存在的问题提出了自己的看法和意见。     

Day‐to‐day experiences of amae in Japanese romantic relationships

The cultural psychology of romantic relationships is relatively understudied. To redress this lacunae, the present study examined the Japanese concept of ‘amae’, or the state of expecting a close other's indulgence when one behaves inappropriately, within the day‐to‐day relationships of 30 Japanese undergraduate romantic couples. For 2 weeks, both partners completed daily diaries that assessed their amae behaviour (requesting, receiving, and providing amae), relationship quality, conflict, and motivation to enhance closeness. Results revealed that amae behaviour was associated with greater relationship quality and less conflict. The motivation to enhance closeness partially mediated the association of amae with relationship quality.     

青少年人际交往能力问卷在多民族混合学校的适用性——基于多民族混合学校学生心理素质的研究

目的:探析王英春、邹泓等编制的人际交往能力问卷(Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire)在多民族混合地区学生中的适用性。方法:从甘肃省临夏回族自治州、甘南藏族自治州随机抽取了3所民族混合中学,共550名学生统一做答人际交往能力问卷。采用SPSS16.0和Liserl8.70进行信效度分析,并对结构模型进行了验证性因素分析。结果:量表具有较好的鉴别力,决断值CR检验显著(p=0.000<0.001);交往动力、交往认知、交往技能三个分量表的克隆巴赫系数分别为0.702、0.846、0.924,人际交往能力总量表的系数为0.937;验证性因素分析显示三个分量表的因子拟合较好。结论:人际交往能力问卷在多民族混合地区的中学生中具有较好的信效度,可以用于多民族混合地区青少年人际交往能力的研究。     

当代中学生性别角色发展现状调查分析

为揭示我国中学生性别角色的发展现状以及发展中的问题和特点,本研究采用最新本土化的性别角色量表(CSRI-50)对初中生、高中生进行调查,发现:各年级段的双性化、未分化、单性化(男性化与女性化)比例各约占30%,双性化替代单性化成为中学生性别角色发展的新趋势,未分化现象也极为普遍;我国青少年双性化发展较国外已提前至青春期,初三、高三升学、恋爱等重大生活事件对个体的适应和发展提出更高要求,从而催生大量双性化并大幅减少未分化,这两个个年级可能既是双性化发展又是抑制未分化的重要时期;此外,中学女生双性化发展明显优于男生。     

Behavioral intervention to treat selective mutism across multiple social situations and community settings

We evaluated a behavioral intervention for a 9-year-old girl with selective mutism. The intervention consisted of role play and video self-modeling. The frequency of spoken initiations, responses to questions, and communication breakdowns was measured during three social situations (i.e., ordering in a restaurant, meeting new adults, and playing with new children) and in three community settings. Results demonstrated increases in spoken initiations and responses and decreases in communication breakdowns across all situations and settings.