Pseudo maximum likelihood estimation and a test for misspecification in mean and covariance structure models

Using the theory of pseudo maximum likelihood estimation the asymptotic covariance matrix of maximum likelihood estimates for mean and covariance structure models is given for the case where the variables are not multivariate normal. This asymptotic covariance matrix is consistently estimated without the computation of the empirical fourth order moment matrix. Using quasi-maximum likelihood theory a Hausman misspecification test is developed. This test is sensitive to misspecification caused by errors that are correlated with the independent variables. This misspecification cannot be detected by the test statistics currently used in covariance structure analysis.For helpful comments on a previous draft of the paper we are indebted to Kenneth A. Bollen, Ulrich L. Küsters, Michael E. Sobel and the anonymous reviewers of Psychometrika. For partial research support, the first author wishes to thank the Department of Sociology at the University of Arizona, where he was a visiting professor during the fall semester 1987.     

Stimulus affectivity of the Danish Word Association Test as measured by response heterogeneity and Rasch scaled number of prolonged reaction times

With the purpose of increasing the knowledge of the psychometric properties of the 70-item Danish Word Association Test, data from three samples of non-patients and psychiatric patients (N = 326) were used to provide two measures of affectivity of the stimulus words, response heterogeneity and reaction time prolongation. It was possible to fit an item response theory one-parameter measurement (Rasch) model to the number of reaction time prolongations (> or =3 seconds) for 54 of the stimulus words. Correlation between Rasch-model item parameters and response heterogeneity was high (r = 0.86), while no correlation was found between either of these measures and frequency of the stimulus words in the Danish language. Both measures of stimulus affectivity supported a theoretically based classification of stimulus words as emotional or neutral. Response heterogeneity measures and Rasch measurement item and person parameters for reaction time prolongations are provided.     

箱庭疗法缓解初中生考试焦虑的有效性

以18名考试焦虑初中生为被试,采用等组前后测设计,以考察箱庭疗法缓解考试焦虑的效果,并与放松训练进行比较。结果表明:箱庭疗法与放松训练一样能够有效地缓解初中生的考试焦虑情绪,但其干预效果的保持性要优于放松训练。     

Modeling differentiation of cognitive abilities within the higher-order factor model using moderated factor analysis

Receptive foreign language proficiency is usually measured with reading and listening comprehension tasks. A novel approach to assess such proficiencies – viewing comprehension – is based on the presentation of short instructional videos followed by one or more comprehension questions concerning the preceding video stimulus. In order to evaluate a newly developed viewing comprehension test 485 German high school students completed reading, listening, and viewing comprehension tests, all measuring the receptive proficiency in English as a foreign language. Fluid and crystallized intelligence were measured as predictors of performance. Relative to traditional comprehension tasks, the viewing comprehension task has similar psychometric qualities. The three comprehension tests are very highly but not perfectly correlated with each other. Relations with fluid and crystallized intelligence show systematic differences between the three comprehension tasks. The high overlap between foreign language comprehension measures and between crystallized intelligence and language comprehension ability can be taken as support for a uni-dimensional interpretation. Implications for the assessment of language proficiency are discussed.     

开发齐鲁宗教文化旅游资源为振兴山东的经济建设服务

开发齐鲁宗教文化旅游资源为振兴山东的经济建设服务马存益宗教是一种历史文化现象,但在它长期发展和演化过程中,与各区域、各民族文化相互融合,相互促进,又成为一种社会文化现象。因此它不仅具有丰富的学术内涵,同时亦具有独特的欣赏价值。作为宗教活动场所的重点寺...     

投射测验体系中的树木意象

树木是绘画测验中常用的意象之一, 其主要的分析体系为房树人测试与树木测试, 二者对树木的操作过程和分析方法存在差异。树木意象的测试具有一定的信效度, 可以有效地反应个体的心理状态, 敏锐地体现出个体与当前环境的交互作用, 检测病理性创伤反应, 鉴别特殊群体。未来研究可考虑测试的文化特异性, 进一步检验树木–伤疤–创伤理论并完善其在灾难心理领域的应用, 也期待研究者改进测试程序并继续对其进行标准化。     

抑制对内隐刻板印象的影响研究

通过抑制组和控制组之间性别刻板印象的IAT的结果对比进行实验。研究表明：抑制策略的干预效果相当的明显,刻板印象的内隐效应在明显地减弱;在性别刻板印象上存在内隐效应,而且没有性别差异;内隐刻板印象是根深蒂固的,在内隐的和无意识的水平上抑制无法完全消除刻板印象;我们设计的性别刻板印象的IAT是可行的;要彻底消除刻板印象,改变社会本身、改变文化环境也许是一个最艰苦和最好的办法。