单纯后路手术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床应用

对收治我科的16例胸腰椎结核患者行一期后路病灶清除、植骨融合内固定手术,术后评价结核控制及植骨愈合程度等,并用ASIA分级及评分对神经功能情况进行统计学分析。术后资料示植骨融合、畸形矫正满意,无结核复发。患者感觉和运动功能ASIA评分改善具有统计学意义(P0.05)。因而合理应用本法治疗胸腰椎结核可作为临床骨科医师优先考虑的手术方式。     

Seven-month-olds detect ordinal numerical relationships within temporal sequences

Previous evidence has shown that 11-month-olds represent ordinal relations between purely numerical values, whereas younger infants require a confluence of numerical and non-numerical cues. In this study, we show that when multiple featural cues (i.e., color and shape) are provided, 7-month-olds detect reversals in the ordinal direction of numerical sequences relying solely on number when non-numerical quantitative cues are controlled. These results provide evidence for the influence of featural information and multiple cue integration on infants’ proneness to detect ordinal numerical information.     

Ease-of-learning judgments are based on both processing fluency and beliefs

Processing fluency influences many types of judgments. Some metacognitive research suggests that the influence of processing fluency may be mediated by participants’ beliefs. The current study explores the influence of processing fluency and beliefs on ease-of-learning (EOL) judgments. In two experiments (Exp 1: n?=?94; Exp 2: n?=?146), participants made EOL judgments on 24 six-letter concrete nouns, presented in either a constant condition (high fluency) with upper-case letters (e.g., BUCKET) or an alternating condition (low fluency) with mixed upper- and lower-case letters (e.g., bUcKeT). After judging words individually, participants studied the words and completed a free recall test. Finally, participants indicated what condition they believed made the words more likely to be learned. Results show constant-condition words were judged as more likely to be learned than alternating condition words, but the difference varied with beliefs. Specifically, the difference was biggest when participants believed the constant condition made words more likely to be learned, followed by believing there was no difference, and then believing the alternating condition made words more likely to be learned. Thus, we showed that processing fluency has a direct effect on EOL judgments, but the effect is moderated by beliefs.     

预期对注意的影响受制于被预期主体是目标还是分心物

以往研究表明, 预期机制和注意机制都能促进感知行为, 但两者以何种方式共同作用于感知行为仍然存在争议, 特别是, 对于预期主体在其中的作用尚不清楚。本研究采用空间提示以及视觉搜索相结合的范式, 通过4个实验, 考察了当被试对目标进行预期以及对分心物进行预期时, 空间预期对空间注意效应的不同影响。结果显示：(1)当目标为预期主体时, 预期对注意效应具有调节作用; (2)当分心物为预期主体时, 预期与注意的作用独立; (3)当目标为预期主体时, 通过刺激数增加而导致的任务难度变化不影响预期和注意之间的关系。这表明, 空间预期是否影响空间注意效应受制于预期主体——当预期主体为目标时, 预期和注意两者交互式地影响感知行为; 当预期主体为分心物时, 预期和注意独立地影响感知行为; 而且, 预期和注意之间的关系不受任务难度影响。     

The effect of an extinction cue on ABA-renewal: Does valence matter?

The present human fear conditioning study examined whether the valence of an extinction cue has a differential effect on attenuating renewal that is induced by removal of the extinction context. Additionally, the study aimed to assess whether such attenuating effect is based on a modulatory or safety-signal role of the cue. In acquisition, extinction, and test stages of the experiment, human participants received pairings of human faces, presented against a particular background color, with the presence or absence of an aversive auditory stimulus. Experimental groups differed in the valence of a cue that was presented during extinction, in whether or not extinction took place against a different background color than present during acquisition and testing, and in whether the extinction cue was present or absent at test. The conditioned response consisted of auditory-stimulus expectancy ratings. It was hypothesized that a positively valued extinction cue yields faster extinction, stronger attenuation of renewal, and better transfer of its inhibitory power to non-extinguished stimuli than a negatively valued cue. All three hypotheses were confirmed, suggesting that the positive, but not the negative, cue had become a safety signal. The results were discussed in the framework of extinction-based exposure treatments.     

几何线索直接性和显著性对儿童菱形空间再定向的影响

以25名幼儿园中班儿童为研究对象,采用在一个边或角有颜色标记的菱形平面的四个角或边位置中藏物找物的任务,来探究几何线索的直接性和显著性如何影响5岁儿童对几何及非几何线索的利用。研究发现:几何线索优先性并不稳定;几何线索的直接性影响了几何线索的使用;在几何线索直接的条件下,几何线索的显著性影响了几何线索的使用;几何线索直接性及显著性均不影响儿童对颜色线索的使用。     

导航技术在手术治疗寰椎骨折中的临床应用及意义

探讨导航技术在手术治疗寰椎骨折中的应用问题及其,临床意义。使用c臂透视导航设备对22例不稳定性寰椎骨折的患者行导航下螺钉内固定术。9例骨折采用寰椎侧块螺钉固定,13例骨折采用枕颈融合。导航下共植入椎弓根螺钉70枚,侧快螺钉18枚。68枚（97．7％）椎弓根螺钉为1类螺钉,2枚（2．3％）椎弓根螺钉为2类螺钉,没有3类螺...     

发育性髋关节脱位患者复位后固定方法的演变

发育性髋关节脱位是小儿骨科常见病之一,要想使其获得理想的治疗,必须做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。髋关节复位后的固定方法随着临床实践在不断更新,使手术治疗效果有了明显的进步,其间包含以下哲学观点：（1）事物需要从实践中认识,认识需要过程。（2）外固定器治疗具有普遍性和特殊性,选择适合个体的,达到最优效果。     

To defend or to affiliate: The effects of categorical similarity cues after social exclusion

ABSTRACT

This article proposed that after social exclusion, individuals may react in a hostile or amiable manner, which depends on the type of categorical similarity cues that new groups possess. For excluded individuals, groups that resemble their excluder would provoke a defensive attitude. They also exhibit hospitality to groups that resemble themselves to gain inclusion. In Experiment 1, social exclusion was manipulated by providing a scenario story regarding an individual who was excluded and subsequently wanted to join in new groups. The results indicated that participants in the social exclusion condition avoided groups that resembled the previous excluder, whereas groups that fit their characteristics were preferred. In experiment 2, the cognitive load was manipulated. Heavy cognitive load made participants in the social exclusion condition only avoid groups that resembled the excluder; in contrast, they exhibited no preference for groups that may be suitable for them.     

对颌骨骨折坚固内固定术患者心身感受的质性研究

了解颌骨骨折坚固内固定术患者不同阶段的心理和躯体感受,以便为其提供人性化的人文护理服务,使患者满意,使优质护理服务得到落实。采用立意取样法选取研究对象,对选取的31例颌骨骨折坚固内固定术患者采用质性研究中的现象学方法进行深度访谈,并对资料进行整理和分析。结果发现患者在三个阶段中的护理问题如下：（1）手术前;自我形象紊乱、功能障碍和焦虑。（2）手术后：舒适受到影响和愧疚感等。（3）出院时：渴求信息。本研究能规范颌骨骨折坚固内固定术患者人文护理的具体内容,改善其护理问题。