“大五”与五因素模型：两种不同的人格结构

随着词汇学取向的“大五”结构和理论取向的五因素模型的出现,人格研究者就人格分类系统的问题达成了初步的共识。“大五”结构和五因素模型在形式和内容上有很多相似之处,但二者在历史渊源、内容形式、基本性质、研究走向等方面都存在一定的差异。文章试图从以上方面明确二者的差异,以澄清相关的混淆和误解,并在文章结语部分对两种取向研究对中国人人格结构研究的启示进行了详细的分析     

东夷文化中的体育文化因子推阐

该文采用文献资料研究方法,依据人文主义方法论的研究方式,从体育文化的视角对新石器时代居住在泰沂山系的东夷族人,所创造的东夷文化中所蕴涵的体育文化因子进行分析,发现东夷文化在中华文明的历史发展中占据重要地位;东夷地区优良的生态环境培育了特色鲜明的东夷文化;而发达的东夷文化中蕴生了诸多体育文化的萌芽：东夷文字、夷人体格、原始崇拜、礼仪习俗及音乐舞蹈娱乐中所蕴涵的体育文化因子,为后世体育活动的产生、发展及至繁荣奠定了坚实的基础。     

西方"大五"人格结构模型的建立和适用性分析

本文旨在对西方“大五”人格结构模型的形成过程及其适用性进行系统的分析。“大五”模型是依据“词汇学假设”,通过对英文人格特质形容词的分析建立起来的,有着明显的西方文化特点。跨文化比较的结果中支持“大五”模型的研究大多使用“强制的一致性”策略,而“衍生的一致性”策略往往得出与“大五”不同的结论。对中国人人格结构的研究也得到了不同于“大五”的“大七”模型,预示了“大五”模型不适合中国人的人格特点。     

医学书面语体的特征研究

以病历、医嘱、处方、检验报告、诊断学等教科书中书面语言为基础,对医学书面语体的内部结构和外部要素进行分析,认为医学书面语体作为一个相对新型的语体,在语词、句法、辞格和篇章等方面有显著的特征。还深入研究了这些特征与相关联的语言外部要素间联系。     

In vitro reinforcement of hippocampal bursting: a search for Skinner's atoms of behavior.

A novel "in vitro reinforcement" paradigm was used to investigate Skinner's (1953) hypotheses (a) that operant behavior is made up of infinitesimal "response elements" or "behavioral atoms" and (b) that these very small units, and not whole responses, are the functional units of reinforcement. Our tests are based on the assumption that behavioral atoms may plausibly be represented at the neural level by individual cellular responses. As a first approach, we attempted to reinforce the bursting responses of hippocampal units in a highly reduced brain-slice preparation with local micropressure applications of behaviorally reinforcing dopaminergic drugs. The same injections were administered independently of bursting to provide a "noncontingent" control for nonspecific stimulation or facilitation of firing. It was found that the bursting responses of individual CA1 pyramidal neurons may be progressively facilitated in a dose-related manner by response-contingent (but not noncontingent) injections of dopamine itself, the dopamine D1-preferring agonist SKF 82958, the D3-preferring agonist quinpirole, and the D2-like selective agonist (+)-4-propyl-9 hydroxynapthoxazine. These findings support the conclusion that unit bursting responses can be reinforced in vitro in hippocampal slices, and they further suggest that the same dopamine receptor subtypes are involved in both cellular and behavioral operant conditioning. The results thus provide indirect support for Skinner's atoms-of-behavior hypothesis.     

帛书易传《要》篇"五正"考释

马王堆帛书《要》篇有“五正”一词,乃为古代易学讲君道的特定术语。其内容是帝王取度于身所建立的规矩绳权衡五种法度,与八卦中的某些卦、四时和五方等相配纳,而形成的易学模式。此配纳模式说明,君主布施规矩绳权衡五正,其旨在因顺阴阳、谐和四时、理顺五行,以达致天人祥和的理想政治境界。此古《易》“五正”的要义,是君道合于天地、阴阳之道。