Higher-order approximations to the distributions of fit indexes under fixed alternatives in structural equation models

Higher-order approximations to the distributions of fit indexes for structural equation models under fixed alternative hypotheses are obtained in nonnormal samples as well as normal ones. The fit indexes include the normal-theory likelihood ratio chi-square statistic for a posited model, the corresponding statistic for the baseline model of uncorrelated observed variables, and various fit indexes as functions of these two statistics. The approximations are given by the Edgeworth expansions for the distributions of the fit indexes under arbitrary distributions. Numerical examples in normal and nonnormal samples with the asymptotic and simulated distributions of the fit indexes show the relative inappropriateness of the normal-theory approximation using noncentral chi-square distributions. A simulation for the confidence intervals of the fit indexes based on the normal-theory Studentized estimators under normality with a small sample size indicates an advantage for the approximation by the Cornish–Fisher expansion over those by the noncentral chi-square distribution and the asymptotic normality. The author is indebted to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which have led to the improvement of the previous versions of this paper. This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.     

A Person Fit Test For Irt Models For Polytomous Items

A person fit test based on the Lagrange multiplier test is presented for three item response theory models for polytomous items: the generalized partial credit model, the sequential model, and the graded response model. The test can also be used in the framework of multidimensional ability parameters. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier statistic can take both the effects of estimation of the item parameters and the estimation of the person parameters into account. The Lagrange multiplier statistic has an asymptotic χ²-distribution. The Type I error rate and power are investigated using simulation studies. Results show that test statistics that ignore the effects of estimation of the persons’ ability parameters have decreased Type I error rates and power. Incorporating a correction to account for the effects of the estimation of the persons’ ability parameters results in acceptable Type I error rates and power characteristics; incorporating a correction for the estimation of the item parameters has very little additional effect. It is investigated to what extent the three models give comparable results, both in the simulation studies and in an example using data from the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised.     

建立县级领导干部绩效结构和考核指标体系的思考

县级领导干部的绩效考核一直是党和国家关注的焦点,而实践中县级领导干部的绩效考核多年来一直是个难点问题。该文通过回顾国内外绩效考核的相关理论和文献,对应该如何建立科学有效的县级领导干部绩效结构及考核指标体系进行了探讨,并进一步提出了其研究的创新和意义所在。     

人-职务匹配、人-组织匹配对员工工作态度的效应机制研究

本研究采用结构方程建模方法检验了人与职务、组织匹配对员工工作满意感和组织承诺的效应,及“内部整合”与“人际预测”的中介作用。结果表明,人与职务、组织匹配对员工工作满意感和组织承诺有显著的积极效应,“内部整合”对这种效应起完全中介作用,而“人际预测”仅对“人-职务匹配”对员工工作满意感的效应起部分中介作用。研究为理解“人-环境匹配”对于员工工作态度的效应机制提供了理论框架和实证依据。     

The relative contribution of profile body shape and weight to judgements of women's physical attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia

Ninety-six Malaysian and British men rated for physical attractiveness a set of photographs of real women in profile, with known body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Results showed that BMI accounted for the greater amount of variance in all settings. There were also significant differences in preferences for body weight, with low resource, low socioeconomic status (SES) raters preferring a significantly heavier partner than high resource, high SES raters. The disparity with previous findings using line drawings of women in profile was discussed in terms of the weaknesses of line-drawn stimuli.     

自陈量表式测验应用IRT的可行性

对采用5级评分Likert式测题的情感能力量表的分析表明,各分量表项目都有较好的模型-数据拟合性,而且显示了参数估计的不变性,及与CTT参数的关联性。这些都表明Likert量表应用IRT模型的假设条件得到了满足,即IRT应用是可行的。研究还表明IRT能对测量精度进行更精确的估计。     

大连地区健康人群体重指数分布状况的调查分析

调查分析大连地区健康人群中体重指数(BMI)、腰臀围比(WHR)的分布状况。对630例长期居住大连地区的21岁～60岁汉族健康成人的BMI、WHR进行调查分析,检测受检者身高、体重、腰围、臀围,按不同年龄段、不同性别分析BMI、WHR的性别及年龄分布。大连地区健康人群总体的平均BMI为(23.66±3.12)kg/m~2,其中男性为(24.66±2.88)kg/m~2。女性为(22.41±2.97)kg/m~2,经t检验有显著差异(t=11.85,P＜0.001)。BMI≥25的人群比例为24.1%,BMI≥30的为3.0%。BMI随年龄变化的曲线为斜线,从21岁～60岁,随着年龄的增长而显著升高,51岁～60岁达到最高峰;WHR随年龄变化的曲线为斜线,随着年龄的增长而显著升高,51岁～60岁达到最高峰。随着社会生活水平的提高,人群中BMI、WHR结构发生了明显的变化,肥胖者日趋增多,应重视超重和肥胖的防治工作。     

2型糖尿病一级亲属代谢相关指标分布规律的研究

为了研究2型糖尿病(DM)家系一级亲属的代谢相关指标变化规律,选择55个2型糖尿病家系中糖尿病患者的一级亲属为研究对象,按照糖耐量试验结果分组,比较组间血压、血糖、血脂、C肽、胰岛素等指标。结果显示,2型糖尿病家系一级亲属各组血脂水平的变化差异无显著性,而血糖、胰岛素抵抗等指标差异有显著性。由此得出结论,2型DM家系一级亲属血脂、血糖、血压、胰岛素等指标均有一定程度的异常,且各组间的血糖、血压、胰岛素抵抗等差异显著于血脂水平的变化。     

调节匹配对期望与绩效关系的影响

以往研究发现了调节定向、调节期望与绩效的关系。本研究基于调节匹配理论,以149名大学生为被试、通过与个体长期调节定向相一致或不一致的任务框架(收获/无收获vs无损失/损失)操作调节匹配性,进一步研究了调节匹配对期望与绩效关系的影响。结果显示,调节匹配会进一步加强以往研究中发现的调节定向对期望和绩效关系的调节模式,不匹配会起到削弱作用。当促进定向占主导的个体完成强调有无收获的任务时,高期望对绩效的促进作用显著高于完成强调有无损失的任务;而当预防定向占主导的个体完成强调有无损失的任务时,低期望对绩效的促进作用显著高于完成强调有无收益的任务。