On the advancement and software support of decision‐making in focused ultrasound therapy

Focused ultrasound therapy (FUS) is a modern and promising way for minimally invasive cancer treatment. Recent advances in treatment technology, bio‐physical models, and numerical simulation methods have given rise to a significant curative potential. However, clinical routine of FUS still features classical planning approaches, which widely fail in exploiting this potential. The structure of FUS planning problems strongly suggests interactive multi‐criteria decision‐making concepts in order to improve treatment quality. This research work introduces an multi‐criteria decision‐making approach to FUS planning and explains how to bridge the conceptual gap between the clinical state of the art and this new planning paradigm.     

干细胞研究及其伦理学问题

干细胞是动物体内一种独特的基本细胞类型。干细胞分化时,有些成为特殊类型的细胞,另一些仍维持干细胞,准备替代机体衰老和损伤的细胞。这些干细胞本身能够复制,以供机体终生组织更新的需要。最基本的多能干细胞存在于早期胚胎中,科学家们成功分离和培育干细胞的报告,为退行性疾病主损伤甚至致合性疾病的治疗带来了新的希望,然而,与此同时也引起了世界范围的关于使用人类胚胎和死亡胎儿进行研究的伦理大争论。     

经直肠超声在直肠癌诊疗中的应用进展

经直肠超声以其准确、价廉、无创、无辐射等优点被广泛推荐用于直肠癌术前分期和术后随访中。术前传统经直肠超声T分期准确度可达84％,术后使用经直肠超声介导活检可显著提高准确性并具有诊断早期无症状复发的独特优势。未来的研究将重．最关注直肠癌多模式术前评估,以及新型超声技术的实际应用。     

由空气传递的声音刺激对胎儿呼吸及胎动的影响

采用回顾性研究方法考察了由空气传递的声音刺激对未足月与足月胎儿的呼吸性运动与胎动的影响.结果发现,胎儿通过呼吸运动的变化(如呼吸运动加速、减缓、停止/停顿等)及胎动来对外界刺激作出反应;而且这种反应在不同胎龄的胎儿间有显著的不同胎龄大的或足月的胎儿在有声音刺激条件下的呼吸运动变化比胎龄小的更多.     

Fetal Homicide

Summary

Under common law, a crime resulting in the death of a fetus that was viable but not “born alive” was viewed as a transgression less serious than murder. Accordingly, courts did not allow parents to bring wrongful death suits for the death of a fetus. In the past decade, however, several states have amended their criminal or civil statutes to include the specific crime of “feticide” or “fetal homicide,” and the Federal government is considering similar legislation. This paper examines the history and current status of criminal and civil law regarding the third-party killing of a fetus.     

超声药物透入靶向性治疗胸腰椎骨折后腹胀的疗效研究

观察胸腰椎骨折后,应用超声药物透入治疗腹胀的临床效果.60例胸腰椎骨折后腹胀的患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例.治疗组:应用胃肠宁凝胶贴片超声药物透入;对照组:应用复方大承气汤口服治疗.记录两组患者肛门排气、排便及腹胀缓解时间,按照相应标准进行疗效评价.结果两组患者肛门初次排气、排便时间及总有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超声药物透入治疗可促进脊柱骨折患者排气、排便,加快胃肠功能恢复,显著改善腹胀症状.     

超声检查和FNA诊断甲状腺结节的作用

流行病学研究显示甲状腺结节是常见的疾病。成人中约5%有甲状腺结节存在,其中约14.9%为恶性病变。近来超声技术被越来越广泛地应用于临床诊断甲状腺结节性疾病。细针吸取细胞学检查是一种甲状腺结节精确诊断的有效方法。本文重点介绍超声检查和细针吸取细胞学检查在甲状腺结节诊断中的作用概况。     

Women's knowledge of prenatal ultrasound and informed choice

This study evaluated women's understanding of prenatal ultrasound in terms of meeting the requirements for informed choice. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate (1) how information is provided, (2) women's perceived value of the information received and, (3) their understanding of ultrasound in relation to the principles of informed choice. Women (n = 113) completed a questionnaire prior to their 18-week ultrasound. Fifty-five percent stated they received no information from their care provider. Only 31.9% considered health care providers as a very helpful source of information. Yet, 69.0% stated their care provider gave them information that facilitated their understanding. Gaps were identified in women's understanding of ultrasound. Specifically, 46.0% did not view ultrasound as a screen for anomalies; some were uncertain about the safety (18.6%), diagnostic capabilities (26.5%), and limitations of testing (37.2%). These results suggest that women's understanding of ultrasound does not meet the requirements of informed choice.     

Seeing the baby: The impact of ultrasound technology

This paper reports results of a study of prenatal diagnosis patients who underwent ultrasound examinations and lost their pregnancies through miscarriage or elective terminations. The majority of the women felt that viewing the ultrasound image influenced their relationship to the fetus and their coping with the pregnancy loss. The women commented on the power of ultrasound to make their pregnancies more real as well as the painful yet sometimes beneficial consequences of seeing the fetus. Clinical implications are considered for health professionals who provide prenatal diagnostic services or counseling after pregnancy loss.