生物自组织临界性与肿瘤

分析了局部组织由再生、化生和癌变呈现的各种宏观行为和性质,从生物自组织临界性的角度讨论了这类行为和性质的演化模式及机制,指出肿瘤实质是局部组织经历一系列临界状态下相变造成的。     

Neural fetal tissue transplants: old and new issues

Abstract. Neural fetal tissue transplantation offers promise as a treatment for devasting neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Two types of issues arise from this procedure: those associated with the use of fetuses, and those associated with the use of neural tissue. The former issues have been examined in many forums; the latter have not. This paper reviews issues and arguments raised by the use of fetal tissue in general, but focuses on the implications of the use of neural tissue for basic concepts of personnood and personal identity.     

The Medium of Haptic Perception: A Tensegrity Hypothesis

ABSTRACT

For any given animal, the sources of mechanical disturbances inducing tissue deformation define environment from the perspective of the animal's haptic perceptual system. The system's achievements include perceiving the body, attachments to the body, and the surfaces and substances adjacent to the body. Among the perceptual systems, it stands alone in having no defined medium. There is no articulated functional equivalent to air and water, the media that make possible the energy transmissions and diffusions underpinning the other perceptual systems. To identify the haptic system's medium the authors focus on connective tissue and the conjunction of muscular, connective tissue net, and skeletal (MCS) as the body's proper characterization. The challenge is a biophysical formulation of MCS as a continuum that, similar to air and water, is homogeneous and isotropic. The authors hypothesized a multifractal tensegrity (MFT) with the shape and stability of the constituents of each scale, from individual cell to whole body, derivative of continuous tension and discontinuous compression. Each component tensegrity of MFT is an adjustive-receptive unit, and the array of tensions in MFT is information about MCS. The authors extend the MFT hypothesis to body-brain linkages, and to limb perception phenomena attendant to amputation, vibration, anesthesia, neuropathy, and microgravity.     

Fetal Testosterone,Socio‐Emotional Engagement and Language Development

The present study investigated the relations among fetal testosterone, child socio‐emotional engagement and language development in a sample of 467 children (235 boys) from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Bioavailable testosterone concentration measured in umbilical cord blood taken at birth was found to be significantly negatively correlated with socio‐emotional engagement and vocabulary development for boys but not for girls. Socio‐emotional engagement mediated the effect of boys' fetal testosterone levels on their vocabulary development. However, the size of the effects was small, and fetal testosterone and socio‐emotional engagement were no longer significant predictors of boys' vocabulary scores after accounting for the effects of other predictors including maternal age and education, parity, and parent–child book reading. It is concluded that further research into these associations is warranted in both typical and atypical development and that this research would profit from including a broader focus on the role that proximal processes such as socio‐emotional engagement, joint attention and imitation have in mediating the developmental effects of prenatal factors such as fetal testosterone exposure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肿瘤数据库及组织库的建设

随着肿瘤研究的日益深入,肿瘤组织库的重要性逐渐显现,世界各地都建立了肿瘤组织库。作为肿瘤组织库管理系统和肿瘤临床资料收集、管理者的肿瘤数据库在组织库建设以及肿瘤研究中具有重要的作用。近十年来,我国的肿瘤数据库和组织库开始出现,仍处于起步阶段,存在着诸多问题,建立标准化数据库和组织库具有十分重要的意义。     

肿瘤组织库规范化操作程序的探讨

肿瘤组织是人类直接探讨肿瘤发生、发展和转移机制的研究对象,建立肿瘤组织库(tumor tissue bank,TTB),使用一套规范化操作程序(standard operating procedures,SOPs)来收集高质量的组织标本,避免其浪费势在必行。规范化TTB的建设也将涉及TTB的信息化管理及通用数据元素(common data elements,CDEs)的开发。深入探讨这些方面将有助于我国科研机构建立起自己标准化的TTB。     

组织工程骨在口腔颌面部骨缺损中的应用与思考

组织工程已经开始应用于口腔医学领域,组织工程骨在治疗牙槽骨缺损,上颌骨及下颌骨缺损方面也取得了很大的进展,为颌面骨缺损的修复开辟了一条新途径,但同时也存在技术方面的不足和伦理学问题。     

美国围产期姑息照护探析——从一则医疗叙事谈起

以美国本土发生的一则围产期姑息照护案例的叙事为引线,展开对美国围产期姑息照护的介绍,并重点分析家庭一体化意识对围产期姑息照护的重要性和围产期姑息照护共情的内涵。认为围产期姑息照护要求医护人员具有共情能力和家庭一体化意识,从而为处于围产期胎儿具有致命或限制生命的畸形情形下的家庭提供超越生理层面的有益的生理和心理-社会-精神的支持。另外,叙事培育共情,因此通过叙事(将患者的想法纳入医疗照护),医务人员可以学习如何和患者产生共情以及培育家庭一体化意识。     

关于牙齿再生研究的述评

牙齿再生医学是目前口腔医学中面临的最为重要的科学问题,成为口腔医学研究领域的热点。无论从牙发育生物学到牙生物信息学到牙组织工程技术,由此而得到了很大程度的发展。但是,这个领域目前面临许多问题。就有关研究的现状、困惑、面临的问题进行探讨,对于牙再生医学研究的模式,从方法论的角度提出探讨。引发相关研究领域研究人员思考,以早日实现牙齿组织再生,满足人们需要。