论领导干部的道德修养

在当代社会 ,“德治”的作用日益彰显 ,而“德治”的重要内容就包含着领导干部的道德修养、从政道德 ,也就是“官德”。领导干部的道德修养有其深刻的内涵 ,在新的历史时期 ,加强领导干部的道德修养 ,领导干部必须牢固树立正确的权力观、诚信观和家庭观。     

Family decision at the turn of the century: has the changing structure of households impacted the family decision‐making process?

Evaluation of husbands' and wives' influence in family decision making is heavily reliant on studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s. Since that time, profound changes have occurred in the American family. These changes may have affected the nature of decision making in the household. To examine the degree to which earlier findings are still generalisable today, hypotheses are developed and tested with a contemporary sample of 458 men and women. Results suggest that there have been significant changes in the roles assumed in the family decision‐making process, with the wife gaining more influence in all decision areas. The results indicate that marketers must re‐examine their marketing strategies for some products and/or services. Possible theoretical explanations are suggested to explain why these changes may have occurred. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.     

A longitudinal examination of the relation between co‐offending with violent accomplices and violent crime

Although the idea that youthful offenders are affected by the company they keep is widely accepted, evidence in support of this idea is based primarily on reports provided by offenders and their peers. As an alternative to relying on reports of criminal behavior, a method that may overestimate the role that peers play in criminal behavior, the current research on co‐offending uses court records to identify and track over time individuals who are known to commit crimes together. The present investigation is the first co‐offending study to track patterns of violent criminal behavior (over an 18‐year period) among a sample of urban offenders and their accomplices. The study tests whether violence “spreads” from violent offenders to those inexperienced in violence. Results indicate that nonviolent offenders who commit their first co‐offense with violent accomplices are at increased risk for subsequent serious violent crime. Findings suggest that lessons of violence can be learned “on the street,” where knowledge is passed along through impromptu social contexts, including those in which offenders commit crimes together. Aggr. Behav. 28:97–108, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Aggression,violence, and the death of a Dutch soccer hooligan: A reversal theory explanation

In March 1997, an aggressive and violent confrontation took place between more than 3000 rival soccer hooligans in the small town of Beverwijk in the Netherlands. In the prearranged and well‐organized confrontation, a 35 year‐old man was beaten and stabbed to death and others were seriously wounded. In this paper, the details of what happened at Beverwijk and the response of the Dutch authorities, including the subsequent arrest and conviction of the main perpetrators, are reviewed. In addition, the psychological approach of reversal theory [Apter MJ. 1992. The Dangerous Edge. New York: The Free Press] is used to answer several unresolved questions about the motivation of the Dutch soccer hooligans involved in the aggressive behavior and violent fighting at Beverwijk. Aggr. Behav. 28:1–10, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Attachment Style and Family Functioning as Discriminating Factors in Eating Disorders

This study sought to examine the extent to which family environment and attachment styles are concurrently related to eating disorders. The Adult Attachment Scale and the Family Environment Scale were administered to 25 anorexic and 33 bulimic female patients at intake in an eating disorder clinic, and 37 age-matched female controls. Eating disorder patients were found to be less secure, more avoidant, and more anxious than controls. The families of eating disorder patients were found to be less cohesive, expressive, and encouraging of personal growth than were controls. Low encouragement of personal growth and uncertain attachment styles may be manifestations of family difficulties in supporting the child during the process of separation individuation, and exploration of the outside world.     

Predictors of Family Functioning Within Alcoholic Families

This study assessed the effects of various predictor variables on dimensions of functioning within alcoholic families. Participants were 173 college student volunteers from alcoholic families who completed a measure of family functioning, demographic questions, and questions related to experiences in their families of origin. Child abuse, spousal violence, parental divorce, length of time living with an alcoholic parent, parental marital status, and parental availability and predictability significantly affected family functioning, whereas frequency of parental drinking did not. Results suggest that quality of parental interactions with children is more important for functioning in alcoholic families than frequency of parental drinking.     

How Do Experienced Family Therapists View Their Practice? An Exploratory Assessment of Clinical Skills and Their Relation to Theories of Family Therapy

This study examines the fit between theory based therapeutic skills and the perceptions of experienced therapists about their own skills. Participants responded to a measure of family therapy skills. Of the generic skills, two factors were identified which cut across many areas of practice. For the theory specific skills, two factors were identified which cut across four theories of family therapy. One was consistent with an expert style of therapy and the other reflected a collaborative approach to practice. These findings suggest that clinical training in family therapy should develop ways to train clinicians to match their clinical practice with client needs over theory based models.     

The Family Reconstruction Process and Its Evolution to Date: Virginia Satir's Transformational Process

This article presents the evolution of one of Satir's processes, namely family reconstruction, a psychodramatic reenactment of significant events in three generations of family life. Both the sameness and the differentness of the classical version as developed by Satir and the current shorter version are explored. The Satir model is a growth oriented approach based on the belief that people have the inner resources to resolve problem situations. Within this model, which focuses on what people can become, the therapist and the individual or family members join forces to move from a symptomatic base to wellness.     

SCL‐90‐R profiles in a sample of severely violent psychiatric inpatients

A sample of 39 patients who had committed serious violent acts toward others were assessed with the revised Symptom Checklist (SCL‐90‐R). The SCL‐90‐R is a self‐report symptom inventory for the measurement of psychopathology in psychiatric and medical patients. In addition to the patients' self‐report, an observer‐rated SCL‐90‐R was obtained. This was accomplished by letting one pair of nurses complete SCL‐90‐R ratings for each patient. The first aim of the study was to compare the SCL‐90‐R self‐report scores of the patient sample with the psychiatric inpatient norms [Derogatis LR (1992): Clinical Psychometric Research Inc]. Another purpose of this study was to explore possible trends of discordance between the observer ratings and the self‐reports of the study group. Always considering the limitations of the small sample, it was nevertheless also of interest to look for possible sex differences and differences between violent subgroups and between diagnostic groups in the self‐reported scores as well as in the observer ratings. The most striking findings of the present study were that the self‐reported scores were lower than the inpatient norms for SCL‐90‐R and that the patients' self‐reported levels of distress were significantly lower than those found in the observer ratings. Underreporting of psychopathology as a marker of violence risk is discussed in light of these findings. In this study, women reported higher distress levels than men in the Interpersonal Sensitivity symptom dimension. There were no significant differences concerning SCL‐90‐R ratings between patients who had committed homicide, attempted homicide, or physically assaulted another person in a serious but not life‐threatening way. Aggr. Behav. 28:446–457, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

幸福感:认知与情感成分的不同影响因素

以304名城市成年人为被试,以生活满意度、对生活质量的评价为认知指标,以快乐感、正向情感、负向情感为情感指标,调查了其幸福感的现状及影响因素.结果发现:(1)城市成年人对生活质量的评价、生活满意度、快乐感等较高,即他们有较高的幸福感.(2)幸福感的认知和情感指标的影响因素是不尽相同的.总体上看,生活质量评价、生活满意度这两个幸福感的认知指标主要受年龄、收入、人际支持、亲密度四个因素的影响;而正向情感、负向情感和快乐感作为幸福感的情感指标,主要受人际支持、支持的利用度、亲密度和适应性四个因素影响.