关于高校多媒体教学影响因素的建模与分析

基于相关认知理论和前人研究结果建立了多媒体教学环境下教师授课、学生学习和学习绩效因素结构模型。采用问卷和量表法获取在杭6所高校的多媒体教学实践数据,验证性因素分析的结果证实了3个假设模型的适宜性和合理性。文章以所建的3个模型为框架,用多媒体学习认知理论和认知负荷理论分析了当前高校多媒体教学状况,并为高校多媒体教学发展提出了相应的心理学建议。     

善恶人格的特质差序

善恶问题是人们在社会生活中的重要话题, 在对他人进行知觉时, 人们首先关心的信息是什么, 是否会对不同类型善恶特质有所权衡?研究基于人格心理学视角, 通过4个研究对该问题进行了探讨。研究首先探究了人格的道德概念激活时善恶的差异, 并以代表性、好恶度、特质度和重要性为衡量指标分别考察了不同类型善恶特质的核心程度差异。结果发现, 善恶人格的特质差序体现在两个方面：(1)善恶人格间的差序, 在人格的道德范畴中, 存在善人格的优先效应; (2)善恶人格内的差序, “善”的核心由内到外为尽责诚信、仁爱友善与包容大度、利他奉献; “恶”的核心由内到外为凶恶残忍、背信弃义与污蔑陷害、虚假伪善。研究有助于进一步理解中国人的善恶观, 为善恶领域的探究提供了新思路。     

老年人医疗语篇理解的影响因素和补偿模型

医疗语篇理解是老年人实现自我照护的关键因素,改善老年人医疗语篇理解有助于提高其生存质量并节约医疗成本。本文整理了老年人医疗语篇理解的影响因素,包括加工能力等老年人个体因素和可读性等语篇设计因素,并在此基础上提出了老年人医疗语篇理解补偿模型。该模型尝试阐述上述各影响因素中,那些随龄衰退的因素(如加工能力),如何从别的因素中得到补偿(如医疗知识),从而支撑老年人的医疗语篇理解。补偿模型有利于干预研究的设计,但也还有待更多的实证研究。     

A factor analysis for identifying people with disabilities’ mobility issues in built environments

Neighborhood built environments (BE) have been recognized as an important aspect that can, directly and indirectly, impact people with disabilities’ mobility. While many efforts have been made to improve the quality of BE, people with disabilities still perceive inequality in BE. The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing people with disabilities’ attitudes toward BE that can facilitate or suppress their mobility, using exploratory factor analysis. This study specifically focuses on people with physical disabilities and people with visual impairments living in Austin, TX and Houston, TX metropolitan areas in USA. Data was gathered through an online survey. This study identified three factors from the sample: 1) barrier-free BE; 2) BE supporting safe travel; and 3) walkable BE. In addition, the factors were compared according to the respondents’ demographic information, such as income level, disability type, and private car use availability in households. Regarding income level, low-income individuals with disabilities perceived BE more negatively than their counterparts did. As for private car availability, people with disabilities who have no car in their households had a more negative perception of BE. However, no differences were found in the attitudes across disability types. This study contributes to understanding what BE factors are important for people with disabilities. The findings suggest the importance of establishing more targeted and prioritized strategies, considering people with disabilities’ neighborhoods and individual characteristics, for the improvement of their mobility.     

不确定感与从众：决断性与结构需求的中介作用

不确定感伴随从众的现象普遍存在,然而其内在加工过程及个体差异仍不明确。对804名大学生被试进行问卷调查,结果显示：（1）不确定感与从众正相关;（2）决断性与结构需求完全中介不确定感与从众的关系,且存在性别差异;二者关系上,女性更大程度上受决断性的中介,其次为结构需求;男性受决断性和结构需求的平行中介。结果支持不确定−认同理论和认知闭合两阶段模型观点,为不确定状态下不同性别人群从众行为的管理提供了理论依据。     

Age of acquisition predicts rate of lexical evolution

The processes taking place during language acquisition are proposed to influence language evolution. However, evidence demonstrating the link between language learning and language evolution is, at best, indirect, constituting studies of laboratory-based artificial language learning studies or computational simulations of diachronic change. In the current study, a direct link between acquisition and evolution is established, showing that for two hundred fundamental vocabulary items, the age at which words are acquired is a predictor of the rate at which they have changed in studies of language evolution. Early-acquired words are more salient and easier to process than late-acquired words, and these early-acquired words are also more stably represented within the community’s language. Analysing the properties of these early-acquired words potentially provides insight into the origins of communication, highlighting features of words that have been ultra-conserved in language.     

Cross‐cultural validation of the factor structure for the Korean version of the Classroom Climate Inventory

The purpose of the present study was to validate the Classroom Climate Inventory (CCI) in Korean middle schools. Specifically, we investigated whether the original eight‐factor structure of the Japanese version of the CCI (Involvement, Affiliation, Friction, Satisfaction, Self‐disclosure, Task Orientation, Order, and Equity) is appropriate for Korean middle schools. The results indicated that the Korean version of the CCI showed a different factor structure from the Japanese CCI. In the cross‐culturally validated CCI, the Friction factor included in the Japanese version was divided into two factors (i.e., Harmony and Conflict), and Equity was excluded. The final model of the Korean CCI displayed acceptable goodness‐of‐fit indices, which indicated that it is a valid instrument by which to measure the classroom climate of Korean middle schools. Lastly, implications for future research and limitations are discussed.     

Measurement invariance tests of the Impression Management sub-scale of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding

The Impression Management (IM) subscale of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (Paulhus, 1988) has been used as a proxy for common method variance in anonymous settings and as a cause of faking on personality testing in confidential settings. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis to conduct measurement invariance/equivalence tests (also known as multiple group analysis) on the IM subscale in a quasi-experiment in anonymous and confidential data collection settings. Using Brown’s (2006) bottom-up approach to Cheung and Rensvold’s (1999) model testing steps and Cheung and Rensvold’s (2002) statistical tests, the IM sub-scale was determined to have equal form, equal factor loadings, equal indicator error variances, equal factor variance, and an equal factor covariance in both 1-factor and 2-factor models in both data collection settings. Mean scale scores were significantly higher in the confidential group than in the anonymous group. These results suggest that using the IM sub-scale as a cause of faking and as a proxy for common method variance (CMV) is likely to be acceptable because the psychometric properties of the instrument are invariant across testing conditions.     

甲亢合并急性冠脉综合征的临床及冠脉特点研究

探讨甲亢合并急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者的临床及冠状动脉病变特点.选取2010年1月至2013年6月于我院住院诊断的甲亢合并ACS患者（甲亢组）64例及甲状腺功能正常的ACS患者（对照组）56例,分析其临床及冠脉病变特点.甲亢组静息性心绞痛、高血压、糖尿病的发生率,纤维蛋白原（FIB）、氨基末端B型利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平、零病变及冠状动脉痉挛比例明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）.甲亢合并ACS患者常发生静息性心绞痛,冠心病危险因素与甲状腺功能正常患者有所不同,零病变及冠脉痉挛比例高,冠状动脉痉挛可能是其发生急性心肌缺血的重要机制.