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861.
本文对神经营养因子的发现,生理作用及意义进行了回顾研究,综合自然辨证法的基本原理得出在科学研究中的两点启示:一在科学研究中要牢记事物是普遍联系的;二是科学研究中要勇于接受新观点。 相似文献
862.
Lisa A. Teather Mark G. Packard Nicolas G. Bazan 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》1998,70(3):349-363
The present experiments examined the effects of posttraining intrahippocampal injections of the degradative enzyme-resistant methylcarbamyl analog of the bioactive phospholipid platelet-activating factor (mc-PAF) and the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists BN52021 and BN 50730 on memory in male Long-Evans rats trained in a hidden platform version of the Morris water maze. Following an eight-trial training session, rats received a unilateral intrahippocampal injection of mc-PAF (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 μg/0.5 μl), lyso-PAF (1.0 μg/0.5 μl), the cell surface PAF receptor antagonist BN 52021 (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 μg/0.5 μl), the intracellular PAF receptor antagonist BN 50730 (2.0, 5.0, or 10.0 μg/0.5 μl), or vehicle (50% DMSO in 0.9% saline; 0.5 μl). On a retention test conducted 24 h after training, the escape latencies of rats administered mc-PAF (1.0 or 2.0 μg) were significantly lower than those of the vehicle-injected controls, demonstrating a memory-enhancing effect of mc-PAF. Injections of lyso-PAF, a structurally similar metabolite of PAF, had no influence on memory, indicating that the memory-enhancing effect of mc-PAF is not caused by membrane perturbation by the phospholipid. The retention test escape latencies of rats administered BN 52021 (0.5 μg) and BN 50730 (5.0 or 10 μg) were significantly higher than those of the controls, indicating a memory impairing effect of both PAF antagonists. When mc-PAF, BN 52021, or BN 50730 was administered 2 h posttraining, no effect on retention was observed, indicating a time-dependent effect of the neuroactive substances on memory storage. The findings suggest a role for endogenous PAF in hippocampal-dependent memory processes. 相似文献
863.
计划生育干部多种量表评定结果的相关分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究采用DSQ、SCL-90、16PF问卷,对河南、陕西两省部分县(市)乡(镇)的计划生育专职机构的169名计生干部进行测试,结果发现:计生干部的防御方式、心理健康及个性特质三者存在着密不可分的内在联系。个性特征、心理健康状况影响制约着防御方式的动用;防御方式的使用影响行为后果及人的适应能力,进而作用于心理健康,心理健康状况又会重塑人格结构,影响防御方式的动用。 相似文献
864.
Data are ipsative if they are subject to a constant-sum constraint for each individual. In the present study, ordinal ipsative data (OID) are defined as the ordinal rankings across a vector of variables. It is assumed that OID are the manifestations of their underlying nonipsative vector y, which are difficult to observe directly. A two-stage estimation procedure is suggested for the analysis of structural equation models with OID. In the first stage, the partition maximum likelihood (PML) method and the generalized least squares (GLS) method are proposed for estimating the means and the covariance matrix of Acy, where Ac is a known contrast matrix. Based on the joint asymptotic distribution of the first stage estimator and an appropriate weight matrix, the generalized least squares method is used to estimate the structural parameters in the second stage. A goodness-of-fit statistic is given for testing the hypothesized covariance structure. Simulation results show that the proposed method works properly when a sufficiently large sample is available.This research was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA01070 and DA10017. The authors are indebted to Dr. Lee Cooper, Dr. Eric Holman, Dr. Thomas Wickens for their valuable suggestions on this study, and Dr. Fanny Cheung for allowing us to use her CPAI data set in this article. The authors would also like to acknowledge the helpful comments from the editor and the two anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
865.
The psychometric properties of a Danish translation of the Rutter Scale B for completion by teachers were examined in a nonreferred sample of 686 7-year-old children. The Danish translation of the Rutter scale had a similar factor structure to the original, producing a three-factor structure corresponding to the subscales. The agreement between the questionnaire and direct observations of the children ten months earlier was fair ( K =0.42). The findings suggest that the translated scale could serve as a rapid and useful screening instrument in clinical and in research settings. 相似文献
866.
Winfried D'Avis 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1998,29(1):37-57
Theoretical gaps of the cognitive science. First of all the gap-thesis is based on a criticism 1. of the computer-orientated
cognitive science (it confuses information with the information carrier), 2. of connectivism (its linguistic borrowing from
the neurobiology is not appropriate), 3. of Varelas production model (the elimination of the function of representation results
in the loss of the cognitive ability). From the context of meaning and time, then the author sketches a cognitive theoretical
approach, in which thinking as a (symbolic and/or subsymbolic) representation of meaning is introduced, which develops in
a three-digit relation between world, language and substrate on the basis of isomorphy of time.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
867.
结合认知实验方法和心理测量学方法,探讨认知速度在智力结构中的重要性随着年龄增长而发生变化的趋势。研究结果表明,认知速度的确是智力结构中的重要因素,但并不是唯一起决定作用的因素;并且,随着年龄的增长,认知速度在智力结构中的重要性趋向于降低,而智力的元成份在智力结构中的重要性则趋向于提高。 相似文献
868.
Mark Reiser 《Psychometrika》1996,61(3):509-528
Using the item response model as developed on the multinomial distribution, asymptotic variances are obtained for residuals associated with response patterns and first-, and second-order marginal frequencies of manifest variables. When the model does not fit well, an examination of these residuals may reveal the source of the poor fit. Finally, a limited-information test of fit for the model is developed by using residuals defined for the first-, and second-order marginals. Model evaluation based on residuals for these marginals is particularly useful when the response pattern frequencies are sparse.The author would like to thank Yasuo Amemiya and Joseph Lucke for helpful suggestions. This research was supported by a Research Incentive Grant from Arizona State University. 相似文献
869.
870.
Following a brief history of Digit Span, a review of 27 articles, selected from 76, addresses the question of whether to scale Digits Forward and Backward separately. The review begins with studies involving Digits Forward, followed in turn by studies of Digits Backward and of both subtests. Finally, the loadings of four TOMAL subtests, Digits Forward and Backward and Letters Forward and Backward, undergo examination in the context of two, three, and four factor promax solutions, with corresponding varimax solutions provided for comparison. The analysis leads to several conclusions. Though Digits Forward and Backward show similarities, they load differently in the three and four factor solutions; Digits Backward also displays a spatial element, and perhaps a transformative element, not apparent in Digits Forward. Moreover, the differences between the two measures have important neurologic and diagnostic implications. 相似文献