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201.
This report documents relationships between differential item functioning (DIF) identification and: (1) item–trait association, and (2) scale multidimensionality in personality assessment. Applying [Zumbo, B. D. (1999). A handbook on the theory and methods of differential item functioning (DIF): Logistic regression modeling as a unitary framework for binary and Likert-type (ordinal) item scores. Ottawa, ON: Directorate of Human Resources Research and Evaluation, Department of National Defense.] logistic regression model, DIF effect size is found to become increasingly inflated as investigated item associations with trait scores decrease. Similar patterns were noted for the influence of scale multidimensionality on DIF identification. Individuals who investigate DIF in personality assessment applications are provided with estimates regarding the impact of the magnitude of item and trait association and scale multidimensionality on DIF occurrence and effect size. The results emphasize the importance of excluding investigated items in focal trait identification prior to conducting DIF analyses and reporting item and scale psychometric properties in DIF reports. 相似文献
202.
In the light of recent calls for more integrative approaches to theorizing and measurement in motivation and engagement research, the present study assesses the generality of key motivation and engagement constructs across seven performance domains: elementary school (N = 624), high school (N = 21,579), university/college (N = 420), work (N = 637), music (N = 224), sport (N = 204), and daily life (N = 249). Based on domain specific adaptations of the Motivation and Engagement Scale, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested invariance across the seven domains. First and higher order multi-group CFAs demonstrated broad invariance in factor loadings (in particular), factor correlations/variances, and uniquenesses across performance domains. Taken together, the present data support the hypothesized generality of key motivation and engagement constructs. Findings hold implications for pragmatic, statistical, substantive, and intervention considerations in motivation and engagement research and also for research into cognate constructs in personality psychology more generally. 相似文献
203.
A new instrument of individualism and collectivism (I/C) was developed and three key issues in I/C measurement were addressed: differentiating components of I/C, understanding the impact of reference groups, and testing of measurement invariance. Three components of I/C were assessed in China and the U.S.: independence, competitiveness, and uniqueness for individualism; considering of one’s decisions on others, sharing of positive outcomes, and sharing of negative outcomes for collectivism. Collectivism was measured with respect to parents, friends, and general others. Results indicate that Chinese participants are less unique but more independent and competitive than their counterparts in the U.S. The expected cultural difference is found for parent collectivism across all three components and for sharing negative outcome with respect to all three reference groups. These results suggest that individualism is a multidimensional construct, whereas the dimensionality of collectivism appears to be a function of social distance. Measurement invariance was tested at configural, factor loading, and intercept levels for all components of I/C. 相似文献
204.
205.
Liu YF Chen HI Yu L Kuo YM Wu FS Chuang JI Liao PC Jen CJ 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2008,90(1):81-89
Cognitive functions usually involve various synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus. However, whether treadmill exercise can improve learning and memory by upregulating some of these molecules remain unraveled. To address this question, male BALB/c mice were divided into control and exercise groups, the latter group went through 4 weeks of treadmill exercise training. At the end of exercise training period, they were either tested for passive avoidance (PA) performance or sacrificed for quantifying the hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB, the BDNF receptor), synaptotagmin (a Ca2+-dependent synaptic vesicle protein), and SNAP-25 (a presynaptic vesicular fusion protein). Our results showed that treadmill exercise training (1) increased the retention latency without affecting the fear acquisition in the PA test, (2) transiently increased the hippocampal BDNF level at 1, 2, and 4 h after the completion of exercise training, and (3) persistently increased the hippocampal protein levels of full-length TrkB, phosphorylated TrkB and synaptotagmin, but not truncated TrkB or SNAP-25. Moreover, the protein expression level of full-length TrkB or synaptotagmin was positively correlated with PA performance in mice. Finally, inhibition of TrkB signaling by K252a abolished the exercise-facilitated PA performance and upregulation of TrkB and synaptotagmin. Taken together, these data suggest that the upregulation of TrkB and synaptotagmin in the hippocampus contributes to the exercise-facilitated aversive memory. 相似文献
206.
As bibliographical classification of published journal items affects the denominator in this equation, we investigated how
the numerator and denominator of the impact factor (IF) equation were generated for representative journals in two categories
of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). We performed a full text search of the 1st-ranked journal in 2004 JCR category “Medicine, General and Internal” (New England Journal of Medicine, NEJM, IF = 38.570) and 61st-ranked journal (Croatian Medical Journal, CMJ, IF = 0.690), 1st-ranked journal in category “Multidisciplinary Sciences” (Nature, IF = 32.182) and journal with a relative rank of CMJ (Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, AABC, IF = 0.435). Large journals published more items categorized by Web of Science (WoS) as non-research items (editorial material,
letters, news, book reviews, bibliographical items, or corrections): 63% out of total 5,193 items in Nature and 81% out of 3,540 items in NEJM, compared with 31% out of 283 items in CMJ and only 2 (2%) out of 126 items in AABC. Some items classified by WoS as non-original contained original research data (9.5% in Nature, 7.2% in NEJM, 13.7% in CMJ and none in AABC). These items received a significant number of citations: 6.9% of total citations in Nature, 14.7% in NEJM and 18.5% in CMJ. IF decreased for all journals when only items presenting original research and citations to them were used for IF calculation.
Regardless of the journal’s size or discipline, publication of non-original research and its classification by the bibliographical
database have an effect on both numerator and denominator of the IF equation.
Preliminary results of the study were presented at the 2006 ORI Research Conference on Research Integrity, Tampa, FL, December
1–3, 2006. 相似文献
207.
Veysel Ylmaz H. Eray elik 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2008,11(4):233-241
There exist a good many scientific studies into risk-taking and risky behavior displayed by reckless drivers; however, there are only a few studies into attitudes towards the traffic displayed by candidate drivers. The present study aims to investigate the dimensionality of candidate attitudes’ drivers. Data were collected from questionnaire completed by 258 candidate drivers, and were divided into two sets. The first data was used to explore the underlying factor structure and five latent factors were derived; Factor A Attitude towards drinking and driving; Factor P positive attitude toward traffic; Factor S speeding; Factor T traffic flow vs. rule obedience; and Factor R risky candidate driver’s attitude. The second data set was used to confirm this factorial structure using confirmatory factor analysis. The fit indices showed that the model fitted the data well. 相似文献
208.
进展性脑卒中诊治及相关因素分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
进展性脑卒中是缺血性脑血管病最常见的一个临床现象,进展性脑卒中的存在严重影响卒中患者的预后。迄今为止,关于其流行病学资料、发病机制、诊断标准、治疗均是极具挑战性的问题。进展性脑卒中可能是多种原因、多种病理机制所产生的多种状态的组合,治疗的手段应该以开放动脉或通过全身治疗的方法来增加脑灌注压为主。 相似文献
209.
我国艾滋病患者持续上升。艾滋病不仅损害了人们的躯体健康,也同时损害了人们的心理健康,引发心理危机。观察300例患者发现:抑郁症41.3%、焦虑症31.4%、报复心理20.0%、麻木8.3%。艾滋病的防治不仅仅是治疗肌体病痛的问题,还应该治疗患者的心理问题。因此运用系统论对艾滋病人心理问题中的相关问题进行探索和剖析,动员患者及全社会行动起来,才能达到对艾滋病的有效控制。 相似文献
210.
检验项目功能差异的两类方法-CFA和IRT的比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前在验证性因素分析(CFA)和项目反应理论(IRT)两个领域,都有一些检验方法来识别项目功能差异(DIF)。该文主要针对单维的多级计分项目,分别介绍CFA和IRT检测DIF的方法,并进行二者的比较。 相似文献