安宁疗护患者生活质量评估工具的研究进展

准确评估临终患者的生活质量能更好地实施和评价安宁疗护。国内外相关评估工具各有特点,国外相关研究较为成熟,已有较完善且应用广泛的评估工具;而我国此方面的研究起步较晚,相关工具数量少且应用局限。介绍了国内外安宁疗护患者生活质量评估工具的发展过程、适用对象、测量内容、信效度以及使用方法,并对各工具的基本情况和应用现状进行比较分析,以期为临床研究选用合适的评估工具、国内学者汉化及开发相关评估工具提供参考。

     

青少年精神障碍者日常生活实践的失序与重塑

以日常生活世界为分析视角,通过半结构式访谈的方法收集资料,深描曾患精神障碍青少年的日常生活实践,发现他们要面对生活的失序,包括带病生活日常化、家庭系统受损和社会失能与污名等生物性与社会性的困境叠加,揭示了对精神障碍群体的排斥从制度文化延伸到了日常生活。同时,精神障碍青少年通过个体的韧性坚持、家庭关怀保护、社会链接赋能等策略“正常化”生命历程,实现主体性重塑。最后提出利用自我决定、社会关系协调等优势视角帮助青少年精神障碍者重整日常生活实践。

     

中西哲学会通视野中生命教育的认知与实践

生命教育作为高等医学教育的一个重要组成部分,已经得到了广泛认可。然而,在现阶段由于实践上的片面强调以及理论上的粗浅阐释,关于生命教育的研究仍是处在一个有待深化与拓展的层次。而从哲学的视野开拓对生命教育的认知,进而从中西方哲学会通的视野深化这一认知并挖掘其思想传统与相互的共鸣之处,则是对这一现状的积极回应。它具有非常重要的必要性,也有助于深化对生命教育的认知与提升对生命教育的实践。     

解蔽死亡的必要性、可行性与教育实践主体

医学实践和殡葬活动以其自身的方式对死亡产生了遮蔽效应, 解蔽死亡的必要性、可行性和教育优势主体分析仍旧需要医学和殡葬的承负。以医学实践、殡葬活动为代表的死亡遮蔽导致了严重的人文疾患, 解蔽死亡成为医学变革和殡葬改革的必要, 也是再认生命意义的必要。生死哲学的理论成果是解蔽死亡的保障, 医学实践和殡葬活动本身的革新要求是解蔽死亡的动力, 当代社会条件保障了解蔽死亡的可行。解蔽死亡是教育实践活动的表现形式, 医务工作者和殡葬工作者是该教育实践的优势主体。     

On My Terms: Sharing a Story of Hypocrisy and Transformation

The 4th interviewee for the Hearing Our Elders series is Mr. Bob Zellner. Mr. Zellner's experience growing up in the segregated South underscores a commitment to stand up to obstacles and societal norms, even when to do so was life threatening. His experiences remind us of a historical time not too long ago that, to hear, one might think could never happen. And yet, witnessing his experience in the context of modern‐day struggles portrayed in the civil rights movement; the 2016 Tennessee denial of service law for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals; and the 2016 Orlando shooting outside a gay nightclub reminds us that the historical events of Mr. Zellner's past are not too distant from the present. The interview captures 6 themes: being nonconforming in the face of punitive measures, living a purposeful life, pushing beyond comfort zones, early experiences as resilience building, self‐evaluation as a cornerstone for commitment, and giving meaning to grief. El señor Zellner creció en una comunidad segregada del sur, y su experiencia subraya su compromiso para enfrentar obstáculos y normas sociales, aunque hacerlo pueda poner en riesgo la vida. Sus vivencias nos recuerdan un periodo histórico no muy lejano que hoy podría parecer inconcebible. Y aun así, contemplar sus experiencias en el contexto de las luchas actuales del movimiento por los derechos civiles (como la ley de 2016 en Tennessee que permitía denegar servicios a personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, transexuales y queer; y el tiroteo de 2016 en Orlando en un club gay) nos recuerda que los eventos históricos del pasado del señor Zellner no están tan alejados del presente. La entrevista captura 6 temas: el inconformismo frente a medidas punitivas, vivir la vida con decisión, salir de las zonas de confort, experiencias tempranas como factores de resiliencia, la autoevaluación como cimiento del compromiso, y darle sentido al sufrimiento.     

The role of anxiety sensitivity in the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and negative outcomes in trauma-exposed adults

Background: The development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSs) following a trauma is related to impairment, diminished quality of life, and physical health issues. Yet it is not clear why some trauma-exposed individuals experience negative outcomes while others do not. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of several influential factors related to PTS severity and negative outcomes. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two trauma-exposed adults were administered the following self-report measures: the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian, the Trauma History Questionnaire-Short, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale 21, Sheehan Disability Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, and an abbreviated Patient Health Questionnaire. Primary Results: PTS severity was positively correlated with depressive symptom severity (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), chronicity of the most distressing trauma (r = 0.21, p = 0.017), and number of traumas (r = 0.22, p = 0.012). Main effects were found for PTS severity (β = ?0.38, p < 0.01) and anxiety sensitivity (AS; β = ?0.39, p < 0.01) on quality of life. No interaction was found between PTS severity and AS with any negative outcome. PTS severity mediated the relationship between AS and physical health issues (0.05; 95% CI: 0.02–0.08). Conclusion: This study helps clarify the role of various factors in the relationship between trauma and negative outcomes. Clinical and research implications are discussed.     

The Psychological Benefits of Humor

In Men and Their Religion: Honor, Hope, and Humor (2002), I proposed that men have two primary ways of being religious—the religion of honor and the religion of hope. I also proposed that because these two religions do not always have their desired outcomes, men have developed a third way of being religious, the religion of humor. In A Time To Laugh (2005) I have expanded on my claim in Men and Their Religion that if men have three religions—honor, hope, and humor—the greatest of these is humor. In the course of doing the necessary research for a book on humor, I acquired and read a few books and a host of articles that explored the psychological benefits of humor. While I did not report on these studies in the book, I believe they are relevant to the assumption that a religion will have psychological benefits for those who embrace it. This article therefore provides a review of empirical studies of the psychological benefits of humor in order to answer the question whether a religion of humor is likely to have psychological benefits and, if so, what these might be.     

青少年理想自我表征的丰富性及其调节作用研究

本文尝试对青少年理想自我表征丰富性进行量化研究,并着重从压力缓冲和人际交往角度探讨了理想自我表征丰富性对个体心理健康的调节作用,以及理想自我表征丰富性与弹性的关系.研究结果表明,青少年理想自我表征丰富性不存在年龄差异,而在性别上存在差异,且这种差异主要存在于初中男女生之间;丰富的理想自我表征有利于缓冲青少年对压力的负性体验,并在一定程度上影响他们在同学中的人缘.此外,理想自我表征丰富性对心理健康的调节主要通过弹性中介发挥作用,预示着理想自我表征丰富性可能是青少年弹性的重要构成成分.     

Person‐Group Value Congruence and Subjective Well‐Being in Students from Argentina,Bulgaria and Finland: The Role of Interpersonal Relationships

The present study examined the relations between personal values, value congruence, interpersonal relationships and subjective well‐being in psychology/education and business students from Argentina (N = 275), Bulgaria (N = 182) and Finland (N = 148). Regression analyses showed, first, that there were no direct relations between higher order value priorities and life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA) or negative affect (NA). Second, objective value‐congruence (VC)—the similarity between individual and group values—was positively related to LS and PA, and negatively related to NA. Most importantly, the effects of VC on LS, NA and PA were partially mediated by good interpersonal relationships. Our results show that interpersonal relationships are facilitated by sharing values similar to those of one's fellow students. More generally, personal values per se appear not to be associated with subjective well‐being, more important is how these values fit into the social context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.