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121.
122.
李海志 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2006,27(3):72-73
中国的研究生教育事业篷勃发展,但发展的背后却隐藏着种种弊端,妨碍着培养质量的提高.就临床医学专业博士研究生教育中存在的问题提出四点建议,希望有利于其健康发展. 相似文献
123.
In several species, the ability to locate a disappearing object is an adaptive component of predatory and social behaviour.
In domestic dogs, spatial memory for hidden objects is primarily based on an egocentric frame of reference. We investigated
the geometric components of egocentric spatial information used by domestic dogs to locate an object they saw move and disappear.
In experiment 1, the distance and the direction between the position of the animal and the hiding location were put in conflict.
Results showed that the dogs primarily used the directional information between their own spatial coordinates and the target
position. In experiment 2, the accuracy of the dogs in finding a hidden object by using directional information was estimated
by manipulating the angular deviation between adjacent hiding locations and the position of the animal. Four angular deviations
were tested: 5, 7.5, 10 and 15°. Results showed that the performance of the dogs decreased as a function of the angular deviations
but it clearly remained well above chance, revealing that the representation of the dogs for direction is precise. In the
discussion, we examine how and why domestic dogs determine the direction in which they saw an object disappear. 相似文献
124.
Kröger C Schweiger U Sipos V Arnold R Kahl KG Schunert T Rudolf S Reinecker H 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(8):1211-1217
This study evaluates the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in an unselected, comorbid population seeking 3-month inpatient treatment. We studied 50 consecutively admitted individuals (44 women, six men) with BPD as defined by DSM-IV at three time points (at admission, at discharge, and at the 15-month follow-up). For the clinical diagnoses, we used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and compared the frequencies of comorbid axis I and axis II disorders at admission and at the 15-month follow-up. Overall, participants showed a high degree of comorbidity. Psychopathology was significantly reduced at post-treatment and at follow-up. Effect sizes for outcome measures were within the range of those of previous studies. Our findings support the notion that the results of the DBT efficacy research can be generalized to an inpatient setting and to patients with BPD disorder with high comorbidity. 相似文献
125.
Intimate partner abuse (or relationship abuse) against women is recognised as a major public health issue. A number of relationship abuse prevention programs targeted at youth have been developed in Australia. These programs are generally aimed at changing attitudes, and take the stance that girls should not be viewed as being responsible for protecting themselves against violence. In this paper it is argued that the current, dominant focus on physical violence, over other forms of relationship abuse, limits the potential effectiveness of programs that might otherwise help young people to resist the development of abusive dynamics. It is also argued that programs that presume a victim status for girls and a perpetrator status for boys are both inconsistent with contemporary evidence and unlikely to empower young people at risk of chronic perpetration and/or victimisation to avoid such outcomes. A dyadic slippery slope model of chronic relationship abuse is proposed and new directions for prevention research in this area are suggested. 相似文献
126.
An algorithm for the growth of two-dimensional Penrose tiling, based on symmetry operations on a seed rhombus, is discussed and demonstrated. Independent of empirical matching rules, as suggested by Penrose [Bull. Inst. Math. Appl. 10 266 (1974)], and also overcoming the scaling-down operation, as proposed by Ramachandrarao et al. (Acta Crystallogr. A 47 210 (1991)], the present algorithm follows a mechanism akin to self-assembly and can be continued ad infinitum. 相似文献
127.
Boundary crossings in academia are rarely addressed by university policy despite the risk of problematic or unethical faculty—student interactions. This study contributes to an understanding of undergraduate college student perceptions of appropriateness of faculty—student nonsexual interactions by investigating the influence of gender and ethnicity on student judgments of the appropriateness of numerous hypothetical interactions. Overall, students deemed the majority of interactions as inappropriate. Female students judged a number of interactions as more inappropriate than did male students, and with a few exceptions, Mexican American and Anglo American students were similar in their ratings of the appropriateness of faculty—student interactions. These findings suggest that universities need to be proactive in establishing guidelines concerning faculty-student boundary crossings. 相似文献
128.
Juliet R. H. Wakefield Nick Hopkins Ronni Michelle Greenwood 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2013,23(5):363-372
People who need help can be reluctant to seek it. This can be due to social image concerns. Here, we investigate if these concerns may be prompted by a salient negative meta‐stereotype: the belief that one's group is judged negatively by another group. Specifically, we researched group members' help‐seeking behaviour in the context of a dependency‐related meta‐stereotype. In a two‐condition study (N = 45), we manipulated participants' belief that their national group was judged dependent by a significant out‐group. We then examined their subsequent help‐seeking behaviour on a real‐world task. Participants whose social identity as a group member was salient showed greater reluctance to seek help when the meta‐stereotype was made prominent compared with when it was not. This suggests that, in a context where social image and social identity concerns are relevant, group members are willing to sacrifice the possibility of accessing needed help in order to avoid confirming a negative stereotype of their group. The implications of these results for helping transactions and community development are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
129.
Abraham S. Luchins 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(1):47-63
Temptation behavior was studied in four groups of elementary school children (control, please-experimenter, competition, please-experimenter/competition) in an attempt to assess the influence of intangible incentives upon resistance to temptation. The results indicated that the frequency of transgression in both young and old males was unrelated to the experimental manipulations. Female Ss, on the other hand, while unresponsive to “experimenter warmth,” exhibited a much higher incidence of cheating when given a competitive set. This was true of both young and old females. The implications of these findings for research using measures of resistance to temptation are discussed. 相似文献
130.
Jaimi L. Mathias Sara J. W. Biebl Lisabeth F. DiLalla 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(3):285-292
Although the existing literature addressing the relation between self-esteem and externalizing problems is inconsistent, it appears that accuracy of self-esteem ratings may be an important factor to consider. However, no studies to date have explored this with preschool-aged children. In this study, the authors investigated differences in externalizing problems between underraters, realistic raters, and overraters of self-esteem of 5-year-old boys in three domains: cognitive competence, physical competence, and peer acceptance. Compared to teacher ratings of competence, boys who overrated their cognitive competence and peer acceptance were more likely to be rated by teachers as exhibiting more externalizing problems the following year. Findings suggest that overconfidence may have important implications for the development of externalizing problems in young children. 相似文献