行为决策研究的新取向——基于经验的决策

基于经验的决策是指,在统计概率情境中,个体通过重复选择与反馈获得选项的收益分布信息后进行的决策.基于经验的决策的研究范式主要包括探索-利用范式和探索→利用范式.其暗含的决策人假设是朴素直觉统计学家.其研究关注的主要内容是描述-经验的差异及其原因,以及基于经验的决策内部过程.未来的研究主要从描述-经验差异的原因、描述性决策范式下的结论的重新检验、基于经验的决策的解释模型及其应用研究等方面进行探讨.     

转化医学与肿瘤诊治

转化医学是促进基础研究成果向临床应用转化和根据临床医学的需求从事应用基础研究的桥梁。本文以转化医学在肿瘤防治研究的实例,分析转化医学的意义,以期为使大家重视转化医学,提高肿瘤诊治水平。     

中药及其提取物防治血管内皮细胞损伤的研究概况

血管内皮细胞衬覆于血管内膜表面,不仅是血液与血管壁之间的屏障,更是重要的内分泌和效应器官,内皮细胞损伤和功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化发生的启动步骤。近年来的研究表明,中药及其提取物对血管内皮细胞具有保护作用,因此对防治动脉粥样硬化相关疾病有重要的意义。     

肝癌基础研究如何向临床转化

肝癌基础研究在过去数十年取得了长足的进步,而肝癌临床研究则相对滞后,二者间存在巨大的反差。如何将基因组时代发现的大量有重要意义的基础研究成果及时有效地转化为临床可用的技术方法,以进一步提高肝癌治疗效果是亟待解决的难题。转化医学研究为其搭建了一条重要桥梁。     

护理执行用药医嘱的伦理学思考

护理人员在医疗机构推行临床合理用药的过程中承担着十分重要的任务。加强护理人员的道德教育,提高护理人员的素质,提高药物使用业务知识水平,提高与药物临床使用相关的护理技能,真正体现医疗机构推行的"以人为本"的护理理念,为患者的健康、康复负责。     

“Bodyheartminding” (Xin 心): Reconceiving the Inner Self and the Outer World in the Language of Holographic Focus and Field

In this essay, inspired by the somatic turn in philosophy initiated by Richard Shusterman, I want to invoke the language of classical Confucian philosophy to think through the best efforts of William James and John Dewey to escape the mind-body and nature-nurture dualisms—that is, to offer an alternative vocabulary that might lend further clarity to the revolutionary insights of James and Dewey by appealing to the processual categories of Chinese cosmology. What I will try to do first is to refocus the pragmatist’s explanation of the relationship between mind and body through the lens of a process Confucian cosmology. And then, to make the case for James and Dewey, I will return to the radical, imagistic language they invoke to try and make the argument that this processual, holistic understanding of “vital bodyminding” is in fact what they were trying to say all along.     

William James’ <Emphasis Type="Italic">The Varieties of Religious Experience</Emphasis> Revisited

This essay addresses the familial, religious, and cultural context for the writing and presentation of William James’ classic work The Varieties of Religious Experience. The essay emphasizes the importance of the impact of Henry James, Senior, upon his son. This relationship along with a severe cardiac condition contributed to James’ taking on and carrying through with his exploration of religious experience. The article explores The Varieties and concludes with a discussion of the importance of James’ use of narrative to the study of mind–body medicine. This paper was originally presented at the Richardson Research Seminar in the History of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College.     

The Difficulty of Making Psychology Research and Clinical Practice Relevant to Medicine: Experiences and Observations

Psychology and medicine research and practice have demonstrated substantial and unique bodies of knowledge designed to both improve patient care and respond to contemporary health care needs for use of evidence and cost consciousness. At their full potential they represent a significant paradigm shift in healthcare. Despite impressive successes, it is clear that we are just on the cusp of such a change. These findings have had limited impact and penetration into medical practice, particularly outside of academic medicine and large, organized systems of health care, and there are multiple examples of such limitations in various arenas of health care. There also appear to be common themes to such examples which provide us opportunities to consider how psychologists might move things ahead. They also suggest how our unique position in academic medicine can both limit our impact and provide ways of creating continued shifts in the healthcare paradigm. This paper is based in part on the author’s presentation at the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers 3rd National Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 2007.     

Catholic Reflections for an Updated Donum Vitae Instruction: A New Catholic Challenge in a Post-Christian Europe

On February 22, 1987, the Congregation for the Doctrine of theFaith published the Donum Vitae Instruction. Twenty years later,on February 22, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI asked for an updateof this Instruction. According to the Donum Vitae Instructionof 1987, the principle of the holiness of life imposes respectfor human persons from the very beginning of human life. Inthese past 20 years, new medical techniques have raised freshethical issues that are to be addressed by the Roman CatholicChurch Magisterium. The Roman Catholic Church, in its updateof the Instruction planned for 2007, will have to explain howcivil law is to be regulated according to the fundamental normsof the moral law. The moral message of the new Donum Vitae (justas in the 1987 version) will be to affirm the substance of humanjustice: respect for human life, as expressed in the resolvenot to infringe on, or to protect such life. Even in a post-ChristianEurope, this theological message can be understood if it istrue that Europe is marked by the principle of the absoluteprotection of human life.     

论新的医学人文观

人文观念有其不同的发展形态。新的医学人文观要点有三：关爱与敬重生命;尊重人的生命权与健康权;医学科学与医学人文的结合。向医学科学注入医学人文精神,同时将医学人文精神注入科学精神,医学科学学者与医学人文学者的合作,是当前我国医学人文精神建设的根本任务。