Physical and Psychological Health Predict Adherence to an Online Mindfulness Program for College Students

We examined predictors of students' adherence to a 10-session online mindfulness program. Undergraduates naive to meditation (N = 169) were recruited from an introductory psychology subject pool. Students completed assessments examining physical and psychological health and were asked to complete a 10-session online mindfulness activity. More than half (53%) of the sample was fully adherent to the program. Better physical health and lower levels of anxiety predicted adherence. We present recommendations for increasing adherence in the clinical use of mindfulness with college students.     

Anxiety-induced miscalculations,more than differential inhibition of intuition,explain the gender gap in cognitive reflection

The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is among the most common and well-known instruments for measuring the propensity to engage reflective processing, in the context of the dual-process theory of high-level cognition. There is robust evidence that men perform better than women on this test—but we should be wary to conclude that men are more likely to engage in reflective processing than women. We consider several possible loci for the gender difference in CRT performance, and use mathematical modeling to show, across two studies, that the gender difference in CRT performance is more likely due to women making more mathematical mistakes (partially explained by their greater mathematics anxiety) than due to women being less likely to engage reflective processing. As a result, we argue that we need to use gender-equivalent variants of the CRT, both to improve the quality of our instruments and to fulfill our social responsibility as scientists.     

Measuring associations between social anxiety and use of different types of social media using the Swedish Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users: A psychometric evaluation and cross-sectional study

Research on the association between social anxiety and social media usage remains inconclusive: despite the preference for computer-mediated communication there is currently no clear empirical support for social anxiety being associated with longer duration of social media use. Self-report measures for social anxiety that are adapted for the context of social media could facilitate further research. The current study aimed to develop a Swedish version of the recently developed Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU), evaluate its psychometric properties, and explore associations between different uses of social media and social anxiety. Three factors were retained for SAS-SMU with excellent internal consistency. SAS-SMU evidenced convergent validity with measures of social anxiety, negative convergent validity with satisfaction with life, and divergent validity with measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Results indicated that higher levels of social anxiety were associated with passive and active use as well as longer duration of social media use in general, which is at odds with a previous study where passive use remained the only significant predictor for social anxiety.     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者焦虑、抑郁情绪分析与治疗

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎是男科常见病,因常规的药物和物理治疗效果不佳,我们的调查显示,多数患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪,成为其求诊和持续接受治疗的障碍。本研究发现对这些患者,在常规治疗基础上给予心理干预可有效改善治疗效果和提高治疗依从性。     

小学高年级儿童亲子依恋的发展及其与同伴交往的关系

以武汉市三所普通小学四、五、六年级的505名学生为被试,用问卷调查、团体施测的方式,探讨亲子依恋与其同伴交往的关系,结果发现:儿童的母—子依恋安全性得分和对父母的信赖有显著年级差异,表现为随着年级的增长而下降,同时母—子依恋安全性得分显著高于父—子依恋;在儿童友谊质量、社交焦虑方面,父、母均有影响,在社会交往行为表现及好朋友提名分方面母亲的作用也是显见的;与双亲建立了双重安全依恋型的儿童获益最大,双重非安全依恋型的儿童损失最惨重。     

焦虑和抑郁动物模型的研究方法和策略

焦虑和抑郁障碍是严重威胁人们健康的精神疾病。焦虑和抑郁动物模型是通过一定的心理社会应激使动物产生明显的焦虑和抑郁情绪,模拟人类焦虑和抑郁障碍,以探讨其细胞、分子和基因水平机制。情绪障碍动物模型通常通过表面效度、结构效度和预测效度进行评价。目前的动物模型虽然存在一定的缺点,但已经为临床和科研提供了巨大帮助。     

初中生的抑郁与焦虑:结构与发展特点

本研究采用问卷法,对南充市3所普通中学的500名初中生进行了调查,考察其抑郁、焦虑的结构和发展特点。研究发现:(1)初中生的抑郁、焦虑都具有一定的内在结构,抑郁包括无助与孤独感、绝望与无价值感、能力减退感、不良心境和生理症状五个维度,焦虑则包括担忧与过敏倾向、对人不安、恐惧倾向、生理症状四个因素;(2)初中生的抑郁与焦虑的总体水平表现出明显的年龄特征,即随年龄的增长,其抑郁与焦虑的水平不断提高,初中二年级是重要的转折期。(3)初中生的抑郁和焦虑情绪有显著的性别差异。     

大学生外语写作自我效能感在写作焦虑对写作成绩影响中的中介效应

在外语写作课堂教学的情境下,使用写作自我效能感量表、外语写作焦虑量表和一篇英语命题作文分别调查356名大学一年级学生的外语写作自我效能感、写作焦虑与外语写作成绩,探讨写作自我效能感在写作焦虑与写作成绩之间的中介效应。结果表明:(1)外语写作焦虑显著负向预测外语写作自我效能感;(2)外语写作自我效能感显著正向预测外语写作成绩;(3)外语写作自我效能感在外语写作焦虑对外语写作成绩的影响中起到了完全中介的作用。     

流畅体验、内/外动机、数学焦虑及数学成绩的路径分析

目的：研究旨在考察数学学习中的流畅体验,探讨流畅体验、内/外动机、数学焦虑及数学成绩的关系。方法：招募296名高中生,在数学月考后完成自编考试流畅体验量表、学习动机量表、数学焦虑量表。结果：路径分析表明,存在四条显著路径,即内部动机→流畅状态→数学成绩;数学焦虑→流畅状态→数学成绩;外部动机→流畅状态→数学成绩;外部动机→数学成绩。结论：只有通过考试过程中的流畅体验,内部动机和数学焦虑才能影响考试成绩。