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171.
172.
This study examined whether children with mathematical difficulties (MDs) or comorbid mathematical and reading difficulties have a working memory deficit and whether the hypothesized working memory deficit includes the whole working memory system or only specific components. In the study, 31 10-year-olds with MDs and 37 10-year-olds with both mathematical and reading difficulties were compared with 47 age-matched and 50 younger controls (9-year-olds) on a number of working memory tasks. Compared with the age-matched controls, both groups of children with MDs performed worse on tasks tapping the central executive (e.g., visual matrix span) and the phonological loop (e.g., word span). More important, the MD group performed worse than the younger controls on the counting span task, whereas the group with comorbid mathematical and reading difficulties performed worse on the counting span task and the visual matrix span task. These findings provide support for the assumption that children with MDs have a working memory deficit. More specifically, children with MDs have a central executive deficit connected to concurrent processing and storage of numerical and visual information. 相似文献
173.
高等医学院校医事法学教育亟待加强 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
通过千余份问卷调查研究,透视出医学生对医事法律认知程度普遍偏低的状况,进而从医学院教育方针,以及医学生法律意识、自我教育能力等方面,分析、探究原因,寻求改进医事法学教育滞后问题,加速培养学医懂法医学人才的途径与方法。 相似文献
174.
以认知风格为依据,将合作学习小组分为场依存同质组、场独立同质组以及异质组。通过小组对开放问题以及逻辑问题的解决,考察不同认知风格个体、不同类型小组的问题解决过程。同时考察问题解决过程对问题解决水平的影响。结果表明:(1)个体在解决不同类型问题时的过程体验不同。(2)问题解决过程在个体的认知风格和逻辑问题解决水平之间起调节作用。(3)不同类型小组的问题解决过程不同。(4)合作是影响小组合作学习效果的重要因素之一。 相似文献
175.
任务切换是执行控制的一种重要功能。切换代价是量化执行控制持续时间的指标。并广泛应用于各个研究领域。但是切换代价在多大程度上体现了执行控制的作用,仍然还存在争论.当前主要存在任务设置重构、任务设置惯性和联结竞争三种理论。本文首先介绍了三种理论的基本观点和实验证据,以及对任务切换加工机制的分析;其次阐明了对三种理论进行整合的相关研究;最后分析了进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
176.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effects of heavy versus light shoppers on antecedents of customer’s
satisfaction and loyalty toward an Internet retailer.
Design/Methodology/Approach A model discusses the different mechanisms in building an effective exchange relationship with light versus heavy shoppers
was developed and tested using Internet book store as the study object. With the assistance of a marketing research firm,
an Internet-based survey was employed to gather information on 375 users of Internet bookstores in Taiwan.
Findings The results showed that price/value had a stronger effect on overall satisfaction for light versus heavy shoppers, while trust
had a stronger effect on overall satisfaction for heavy versus light shoppers. The study also found that consumers’ irreplaceable
asset generated from past transaction with a focal Internet retailer had strong effects on their loyalty responses.
Implications Understanding of the moderating role of heavy versus light shoppers on satisfaction and loyalty formation helps to advance
our theoretical understanding of the different routes of satisfaction and loyalty formation for different shoppers. The results
of this study can help to inform the practitioners that price may play a role in drawing light shoppers, while perceived trust
of the Internet store is more important in retaining heavy shoppers. It also demonstrated the importance of building asset
specificity in increasing customer loyalty.
Originality/Value This is one of the first studies to provide evidence of the moderating effects of heavy versus light shoppers on satisfaction
and loyalty formation. It explained and tested empirically the different mechanisms of satisfaction and loyalty formation
between two groups of consumers. 相似文献
177.
Anne C. Miers Anke W. Blöte Caroline L. Bokhorst P. Michiel Westenberg 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(12):1043-1049
The current study investigated whether negatively biased self-evaluations of nervousness and social skills are related to how well an individual actually performs, that is performance level. Sixty-eight high socially anxious and 68 control participants (age range 9–17 years) gave a 5 min speech in front of a pre-recorded audience of same age peers and a teacher. Participants' evaluations immediately after the task were measured on a number of performance dimensions. Three independent observers also evaluated recordings of the speech performances. Participants were further divided into good and bad performers based on their actual performance level as judged by the observers. Self-evaluations of the high socially anxious participants were negatively biased for nervous appearance regardless of how well they actually performed. In contrast, a negative bias for social skills only occurred in the high anxious participants with a good performance. The social skill evaluations of the poor performers appear warranted. Taking actual performance level into account may help to clarify the exact nature of a negative bias in socially anxious youth and has clear implications for the choice of treatment approach. 相似文献
178.
Elizabeth Lush Paul Salmon Andrea Floyd Jamie L. Studts Inka Weissbecker Sandra E. Sephton 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(2):200-207
Objectives Fibromyalgia, a chronic pain syndrome, is often accompanied by psychological distress and increased basal sympathetic tone.
In a previous report it was shown that mindfulness-based stress-reduction (MBSR) reduced depressive symptoms in patients with
fibromyalgia with gains maintained at two months follow-up (Sephton et al., Arthr Rheum 57:77–85, 2007). This second study
explores the effects of MBSR on basal sympathetic (SNS) activation among women with fibromyalgia. Methods Participants (n = 24) responded to a television news appearance, newspaper, and radio advertisements. Effects on anxiety, depressive symptoms,
and SNS activation measures were tested before and after MBSR using a within-subjects design. Results The MBSR treatment significantly reduced basal electrodermal (skin conductance level; SCL) activity (t = 3.298, p = .005) and SCL activity during meditation (t = 4.389, p = .001), consistent with reduced SNS activation. Conclusions In this small sample, basal SNS activity was reduced following MBSR treatment. Future studies should assess how MBSR may
help reduce negative psychological symptoms and attenuate SNS activation in fibromyalgia. Further clarification of psychological
and physiological responses associated with fibromyalgia may lead to more beneficial treatment. 相似文献
179.
180.
小学四年级儿童简算策略获得的认知过程研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究策略获得的过程是了解认知机制的重要途径。本研究采用口语报告和教学实验的结合研究,采用策略意识和策略状况两个维度的评价指标考察,结果表明:策略运用从低到高体现出8级认知序列,策略获得者在策略的掌握过程中有四种认知状态:策略运用初期的倒退状态、策略从不熟练向熟练发展过渡的不稳定状态、策略运用的不彻底状态、有较强的策略意识但缺乏条件化知识的刻板状态。这四种状态反映出,学习者在策略获得过程中策略运用缺陷的常见状况。 相似文献