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921.
922.
神经肽Y是一个多肽,广泛分布于周围和中枢神经系统,以下丘脑的浓度为高,参与机体神经内分泌、情绪、行为等的调节。 为探讨慢性应激诱导的抑郁模型小鼠脑内神经肽Y (NPY)的表达,以及抗抑郁药的作用机理,采用慢性应激与孤养方法,建立抑郁小鼠模型。用旷场行为 (Open-Field)法,观察模型组与正常对照组行为学改变方面的差异。将36 只抑郁模型小鼠随机分成盐酸氟西汀组、盐酸阿米替林组、生理盐水治疗组,并与12 只正常对照组比较。用半定量逆转录-聚合酶联反应(RT-PCR) 法、细胞酶联免疫法及蛋白免疫印迹(Western-blot) 法、免疫组织化学法,比较四组小鼠下丘脑NPY 的表达。结果表明:(1)与正常组比较,抑郁模型组小鼠活动总路程与活动次数减少(p< 0.01),体重增速下降(p< 0.05)。(2)与正常组比较,抑郁模型组小鼠下丘脑NPY 的mRNA 表达下降(p< 0.01);经盐酸氟西汀、盐酸阿米替林治疗后,下丘脑NPY 的mRNA 及蛋白表达增高,与生理盐水组比较差异显著(p< 0.01)。(3) 与正常组比较,生理盐水治疗组胞膜和胞质呈棕黄色染色,显示出明显的免疫组化阳性反应;经盐酸氟西汀、盐酸阿米替林治疗后,胞膜和胞质的着色与背景色接近,免疫组化呈弱阳性、阴性反应。提示抑郁模型组小鼠脑内NPY 表达水平有显著下降,使用抗抑郁药有利于提高脑内NPY 的mRNA 及蛋白表达,可能是此类药物产生抗抑郁效应的机制之一。 相似文献
923.
924.
以199名中小学教师为被试,采用典型相关研究的方法考察了职业压力、教学效能感与教师职业倦怠的关系。结果表明:(1)职业压力将导致中小学教师出现情绪衰竭和人格解体症状,职业压力越大,则职业倦怠的程度就越严重;(2)教师的教学效能感越低,则其情绪衰竭和人格解体的程度也将越严重;(3)教学效能感在职业压力与职业倦怠之间可能具有调节作用,高教学效能感可以改变职业压力的作用,减少"情绪衰竭"和"人格解体"的程度。 相似文献
925.
926.
采用问卷法以743名中小学在职教师为被试研究了教学效能感在职业压力影响职业倦怠过程中的调节作用。结果发现:①教师的工作特征、学生等压力源能有效预测教师职业倦怠。随着从业年限的增加,影响职业倦怠的主要压力源从工作特征过渡到社会特征。②教学效能的调节作用因教师不同的人口学分布而异,其中一般教学效能和个体教学效能所表现出来的调节效应也不同。③个体教学效能表现出线性调节作用,一般教学效能表现出曲线调节作用,两种调节作用的性质取决于不同的压力源。 相似文献
927.
The Job Stress Survey (JSS) was administered to large samples of university and corporate employees and senior military personnel. Differences in the perceived severity, frequency of occurrence, and overall level of occupational stress were evaluated for individuals working in these settings. Gender differences in job stress and the factor structure of the JSS were also evaluated. Two occupational stress factors were identified, Job Pressure and Organizational Support, which were remarkably stable for males and females and for individuals working in university, corporate, and military settings. Corporate employees reported higher levels of perceived severity of job stress than the other groups, whereas military personnel reported that they more frequently experienced almost all of the job stress events. No overall differences were found for the three groups in the JSS Job Stress Index. 相似文献
928.
George A. Clum Debbie Canfield Mary Van Arsdel Bin Yang Greg Febbraro Joseph Wright 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1997,19(3):207-222
This study tests both the stress/social support and the stress/problem-solving etiological models for suicidality while controlling for depression. To this end, a depressed, high-suicide-ideating sample (N=68) was compared to a depressed, low-suicide-ideating sample (N=64). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the unique contributions of stress, problem-solving orientation, problem-solving skills, and perceived level of social support in predicting level of suicidality. Hierarchical regression analyses were also used to test the interactive contributions of problem-solving × stress and social support × stress in predicting level of suicidality. Regression models were generated separately for men, women, and the entire sample using all factors. The results clearly support the importance of social support as an independent predictor of suicidality for men, women, and the entire sample. Ability to generate alternatives to identified problems predicted suicidality, but only for women and the entire sample. Problem-solving orientation was not uniquely predictive of suicidality and may affect suicidal behavior via its relationship to depression. 相似文献
929.
Kay Lancefield C. J. Lennings Don Thomson 《International journal of stress management》1997,4(3):205-219
This study investigates the impact of the work environment on the level of perceived job stress in prison officers. Two models
of prison administration were assessed in an attempt to identify the organizational structures and processes which were related
to level of occupational stress. To identify the impact of occupational stress on prison officers, the bureaucratic and unit
management models of prison administration are compared with respect to officer job characteristics and management processes.
The Occupational Role Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 112 prison officers. A multivariate
analysis identified a significant main effect for prison management type. On all measures, prison officers from the bureaucratic
management model (Pentridge Prison) scored higher than officers from a unit management model (Barwon Prison). Role boundary,
physical environment, and trait anxiety were the most salient discriminators between officers from Pentridge and Barwon.
Private Practice. 相似文献
930.
Manda, a natural product made by yeast fermentation of many fruits and black sugar, has antioxidant activity. In the present
study, manda prevented stomach ulcers caused by immobilization-induced emotional stress. Manda [5% manda solution (w/v)] and
saline as control, were administered by a canula into the stomach of each experimental animal subsequently after 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5 hours from the start of the emotional stress. We classified the severity of gastric lesion formation induced by immobilization
with each rat lying on its back for 6 hours at room temperature on a five-grade scale. The control rats all showed congestion
and some degree of bleeding in the mucosa of the stomach. However, of the experimental rats, one showed no hemorrhagic lesions
only congestion in four cases, and slight or moderate bleeding in eight cases with no massive bleeding cases. The distribution
of these data significantly differ from that of the control rats, which suffered the greater damage (X2=10.589,p<0.05). In light microscopic examinations, the control rats showed necrosis in the gastric mucous membranes, desquamation,
and bleeding of gastric mucosa. However, the rats treated with manda showed only congestion and did not show erosion or hemorrhage.
These results suggest that manda or manda metabolite(s) was absorbed from the stomach and may have produced these action.
In the meantime, we are analyzing manda components to try to isolate the active ingredient(s) 相似文献