认知需要与战略决策过程之间的关系

认知需要指人们在信息加工过程中是否愿意投入周密的心考以及能否从深入的思考中获得享受．它反映的是人的认知动机。由于企业管理者在决策过程中涉及诸多处理信息和思考问题的环节,认知需要必然在这一过程中起作用。本研究运用情境案例法探讨了在不确定环境下决策者的认知需要与其在战略决策过程中分析环境和判断战略导向的关系。通过相关分析发现高认知需要者在决策过程中更倾向于关注环境、对环境做出积极判断、强调从长远和全面的角度去分析企业战略。     

Invited Special Review: Psychological Approaches for Managing Chronic Pain

Psychologists have had an important impact on the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of chronic pain. Their contributions have been in the areas of emotional distress, behavioral limitations, cognitive mediating events, and psychosocial disruption of chronic pain. These foci have enabled them to clarify the multidimensional nature of chronic pain and to support the biopsychosocial framework as a conceptual guide for research and clinical purposes. Clinically, along with members of an interdisciplinary team, psychologists have a key role in the assessment and treatment of patients with chronic pain. Interdisciplinary collaboration allows the team to recognize important interactions between biomedical and psychosocial dimensions and to appreciate a broader conceptualization of patients' problems. The literature documents strong empirical support for operant-behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies for the treatment of chronic pain. On the other hand, although widely accepted from a clinical perspective, the use of motivational interviewing and motivational enhancement therapies is more recent and less well documented for use with patients with chronic pain.     

Feature and Configuration in Face Processing: Japanese Are More Configural Than Americans

Previous work suggests that Asians allocate more attention to configuration information than Caucasian Americans do. Yet this cultural variation has been found only with stimuli such as natural scenes and objects that require both feature‐ and configuration‐based processing. Here, we show that the cultural variation also exists in face perception—a domain that is typically viewed as configural in nature. When asked to identify a prototypic face for a set of disparate exemplars, Japanese were more likely than Caucasian Americans to use overall resemblance rather than feature matching. Moreover, in a speeded identity‐matching task, Japanese were more accurate than Americans in identifying the spatial configuration of features (e.g., eyes). Together, these findings underscore the robustness of culture’s influences on cognition.     

试论“肝病传脾”的诊断及治疗思路

《金匮要略》中“肝病传脾”的思想,广泛应用于临床诊断与治疗,本文以脏腑经络辨证论治思想为依据,探讨中医诊断肝痛的思路：根据症状判断病位深浅,肝病见四肢疲乏为病轻、肝病见食不消化甚至不思饮食为病重。由此判断病情轻重,为临床提供治疗依据。     

原发性甲亢合并严重肝损伤患者的循证治疗

为原发性甲亢合并严重肝损伤患者制定循证治疗方案。根据PICO原则,提出临床问题并转换成便于检索的形式,检索美国国家指南交换中心（NGC）、Cochrane图书馆（2010年第3期）、PubMed（1995-2010．11）和维普数据库（CHKD,1995～2010．11）。根据检索结果,制定治疗方法,2月后患者肝功能、...     

慢性乙型肝炎合并妊娠患者的抗病毒治疗

母婴垂直传播是我国乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的主要传播方式,新生儿标准的主动一被动免疫即高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白联合乙肝疫苗大大降低了母婴垂直传播的比例,但母体高HBVDNA水平可以增加胎儿宫内感染HBV的风险,导致HBV母婴垂直传播。因此,妊娠期抗病毒治疗尤为关键。计划妊娠的育龄期的慢性乙型肝炎患者应尽可能在妊娠前完成抗...     

循环肿瘤细胞的研究进展

循环肿瘤细胞（circulating tumor cells,CTCs）指自发或因诊疗操作由实体瘤或转移灶释放进入外周血循环的肿瘤细胞。CTCs能被看作液体活检,具有实时监测功能,是一种非侵入性的新型诊断工具,有助于早期发现肿瘤的微转移,可评估预后,在治疗的监测及个体化治疗上具有重要的临床意义。     

Comparison of a stimulus equivalence protocol and traditional lecture for teaching single-subject designs

This study compared the effects of a computer-based stimulus equivalence protocol to a traditional lecture format in teaching single-subject experimental design concepts to undergraduate students. Participants were assigned to either an equivalence or a lecture group, and performance on a paper-and-pencil test that targeted relations among the names of experimental designs, design definitions, design graphs, and clinical vignettes was compared. Generalization of responding to novel graphs and novel clinical vignettes, as well as the emergence of a topography-based tact response after selection-based training, were evaluated for the equivalence group. Performance on the paper-and-pencil test following teaching was comparable for participants in the equivalence and lecture groups. All participants in the equivalence group showed generalization to novel graphs, and 6 participants showed generalization to novel clinical vignettes. Three of the 4 participants demonstrated the emergence of a topography-based tact response following training on the stimulus equivalence protocol.     

如何避免卵巢良性肿瘤的过度治疗

卵巢肿瘤是妇科常见肿瘤之一,可分为良性、恶性、交界性肿瘤,及时处理卵巢良性肿瘤具有重要意义,但关于如何避免卵巢良性肿瘤的过度治疗,尚无定论。目前为止,关于卵巢肿瘤发生、发展机制的基础研究和诊疗技术正在取得较大的进步,对临床医师发挥着重要的指导和辅助作用。如何正确诊断卵巢良性肿瘤,如何选择合适的手术方式、实现个体化治疗,是避免卵巢良性肿瘤的过度治疗的关键。     

重症手足口病的早期识别与处理

手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)是由肠道病毒[以柯萨奇A组16型(Coxsackievirus A16,CoxA16)、肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)多见]引起的急性传染病,而重症多由EV71感染引起。由于EV71的高度嗜神经性,重症者可合并中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)损害、急性肺水肿/出血等。现就重症手足口病的早期识别与处理进行简要综述。