Paranormal belief and errors of probabilistic reasoning: The role of constituent conditional relatedness in believers' susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy

The present study examines the extent to which stronger belief in either extrasensory perception, psychokinesis or life-after-death is associated with a proneness to making conjunction errors (CEs). One hundred and sixty members of the UK public read eight hypothetical scenarios and for each estimated the likelihood that two constituent events alone plus their conjunction would occur. The impact of paranormal belief plus constituents’ conditional relatedness type, estimates of the subjectively less likely and more likely constituents plus relevant interaction terms tested via three Generalized Linear Mixed Models. General qualification levels were controlled for. As expected, stronger PK beliefs and depiction of a positively conditionally related (verses conditionally unrelated) constituent pairs predicted higher CE generation. ESP and LAD beliefs had no impact with, surprisingly, higher estimates of the less likely constituent predicting fewer - not more - CEs. Theoretical implications, methodological issues and ideas for future research are discussed.     

我国医学科学技术的发展需要诺贝尔奖级研究

21世纪中国医学科学技术的发展,需要以诺贝尔奖级研究为战略目标。其实现需要定性与定量相结合的战略管理基础研究,可能较早取得突破的优先学科领域战略管理规划,世界级医学科学家为首的战略管理主体,系统有力的战略管理措施,优良的战略管理“土壤”。     

学习困难的ERP研究

事件相关脑电位（Event—related potentials,ERPs）是研究心理学和认知神经科学的重要技术手段,将该技术用于学习困难的脑机制的研究,有助于发现学习困难的神经机制。研究表明,学习困难者的P300波幅较小,潜伏期较长。学习困难者的MMN波幅比控制组小,在信息的自动加工方面存在缺陷。在单词命名任务中,学习困难者的N400较小,而且不同类型学习困难者的波幅和潜伏期存在明显差异。     

工读学校学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

本研究以工读学校和普通学校七～九年级学生为研究对象,研究工读学校学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果表明：(1)工读学校学生的总体焦虑水平和抑郁水平显著高于普通中学生,存在更多的心理健康问题;(2)工读学校学生的心理健康水平不存在显著的年级差异,而普通中学生的心理健康水平存在显著的年级差异;(3)父母的教养方式与工读学校学生的心理健康水平存在显著的相关。工读学校学生的父母更多地采取消极的教养方式;(4)生活事件应激与工读学校学生的心理健康水平存在极其显著的负相关。工读学校学生负性生活事件所带来的应激强度显著高于普通中学生。     

Stability and Change in Emotion-Organization

This investigation is based on the assumption that a person's emotion-organization is a stable, idiosyncratic property of great importance in determining that person's distinctive characteristics. The two main issues are whether a stable emotion-organization can be found in the turmoil of everyday life and whether life events affect this organization. A sequence of 323 daily assessments of an emotion list by a 26-year-old woman justifies the conclusion that stable, meaningful clusters of emotions can be distinguished. Highly emotional events have an enduring effect upon the organization of these clusters.     

Spontaneous Explanations for Work Events Among Individuals in an Occupational Crisis

The way employees in an occupational crisis and other employees explain work events was analyzed. Two hundred and seventeen female participants gave spontaneous attributions for 7 positive and 7 negative hypothetical work events. The results showed that other-blame and a general negative emotional tone of the attributions most powerfully differentiated crisis individuals' attributions from noncrisis individuals' attributions. Future studies are required to determine whether negative attributions lead to occupational crises or whether occupational crises activate employees' tendencies to negative attributions.     

语言理解转换中非目标语言影响目标语言的时间进程

运用跨语言即时启动和延时启动范式,要求被试完成生物属性的语义判断任务,研究语言理解转换中非目标语言影响目标语言语义理解的时间进程。实验1非目标语言为英文,目标语言为中文,结果表明,无论是即时启动(t = -0.423, p = 0.676),还是延时启动(t = -0.82, p = 0.419),语义相关组与语义无关组都无显著差异。实验2非目标语言为中文,目标语言为英文,结果表明,在即时启动条件下,语义相关组显著快于语义无关组(t = -3.05, p = 0.006),但延时条件下语义相关组与语义无关组无显著差异(t = -0.63, p = 0.536)。综合两个实验结果表明,晚期熟练双语者在双语语言理解转换过程中语义的即时启动影响存在不对称性,语义相关的非目标语言中文对目标语言英文语义理解起促进作用;但是语义启动效应没有得到延时体现。     

肿瘤干细胞起源与鉴定方法研究现状

CSC理论使人们对恶性肿瘤有了一个全新的认识,为临床治疗提供了一个全新视角。该理论改变目前以全部癌细胞为目标的药物治疗策略,将使治愈肿瘤成为可能。分离和鉴定CSC是CSC靶向治疗的第一步。本文就CSC的起源和鉴定方法做一简要综述。