家族企业高层管理者胜任特征模型

通过对18名家族企业高层管理者的关键行为事件访谈,建立了家族企业高层管理者胜任特征模型,初步结论是：（1）采用BEI关键事件访谈方法揭示高层管理者胜任特征模型,胜任特征的出现频次和平均等级是较为稳定的指标,最高等级分数受到了访谈长度的影响。研究还发现,胜任特征的平均等级、最高等级都能区分绩效优异和绩效一般的家族企业高层管理者。（2）我国家族企业高层管理者的胜任特征模型包括: 威权导向、主动性、捕捉机遇、信息寻求、组织意识、指挥、仁慈关怀、自我控制、自信、自主学习、影响他人等11项胜任特征。其中,与国外企业高层管理者通用胜任特征模型的9项相一致,与国有企业高层管理者的通用胜任特征模型的5项相一致。而威权导向、仁慈关怀是我国家族企业高层管理者独有的胜任特征。     

关系研究的新取向：社会网络分析

社会网络分析（Social Network Analysis, SNA）是用社会实体之间的关系来描述、解释和预测社会现象的一种研究取向。SNA提供了深入探究社会环境特征及其对个体心理发展影响的一种方法。本文基于SNA的发展历程,依次介绍了中心性分析、小团体分析、位置分析、QAP以及统计模型法。SNA在社会学研究中得到了较多应用,近年来在心理学研究中开始受到重视。     

Ontogeny of early event memory: I. Forgetting and retrieval by 2- and 3-month-olds

In 2 experiments, 2-month-olds, trained in the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm for two daily sessions, showed retrieval deficits relative to 3-month-olds. In Experiment 1, tests of simple forgetting administered to 2-month-olds after retention intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 9 days (a period over which 3-month-olds remember the contingency) indicated that their forgetting was complete after delays greater than 1 day. In Experiment 2, reactivation treatments administered to 2- and 3-month-olds alleviated forgetting after a retention interval of 28, but not 35, days in the 3-month-old group only. Previously, alleviated forgetting by a reactivation treatment had been demonstrated in 2-month-olds after a delay of 18 days. In both of the present experiments, performance of the two age groups did not differ during the immediate retention test at the end of training. These results suggest that neither the age of the infant nor the age of the memory determines memory retrieval after long delays; instead, it appears to be determined by the length of time that a memory has been inaccessible (i.e., forgotten). We propose that factors which delay simple forgetting will correspondingly increase the length of the interval over which a retrieval cue can still be effective in a reactivation paradigm, irrespective of the age of the infant or the age of the memory.     

归因过程“背景效应假设”的初步实验研究

通过两个实验考证了归因过程的“背景效应假设”：实验1表明,当要求活动者和观察者采用同样的背景事件时．他们之间的归因差异消失了;实验2表明,当有其它的背景信息可供参考时,被试就不再完全按照Kelley所假定的一致性和区别性信息进行归因推断。     

时间知觉与估计的认知理论综述

本文回顾时间知觉与估计的实验研究 ,总结该领域的国内外研究结果 ,对该领域的各主要认知模型作了较全面的考察和评述 ,并进一步探讨了时间认知领域研究的今后发展 ,尤其是时间知觉与估计研究的脑电研究思路。     

情绪对不同外倾水平个体行为抑制的影响

采用双选择oddball实验范式与事件相关电位（ERP）技术,探讨了情绪对行为抑制的影响以及外倾性的调节作用。行为数据发现,相比标准刺激,被试对偏差刺激的反应时显著更慢,证明实验成功诱发了行为抑制效应。在内倾组,负性刺激下偏差与标准刺激反应时差值显著长于正性刺激条件,而在外倾组无显著差异。脑电数据发现,在N2成分上,内倾组在正性情绪下的波幅显著小于负性和中性情绪,而在外倾组,不同情绪下的波幅不存在显著差异。在P3成分上,内倾组在正性情绪下的波幅显著大于负性和中性情绪,相反,外倾组在负性情绪下的波幅显著大于正性和中性情绪。结果表明,情绪对行为抑制的影响受到了个体外倾性水平的调节。     

高中生心理健康水平及其影响因素的研究

采用ＳＣＬ－９０量表评定了５００名高中生的心理健康状况,运用因素分析的方法探讨了影响高中生心理健康的主要因素。结果表明：有１０．８％的高中生存在着各种明显的心理健康问题;高中生的心理健康问题主要表现为强迫、敌对、偏执、人际关系敏感和忧郁等症状;影响高中生心理健康的主要因素为学校教育、家庭环境、社会文化及学生自身等方面的生活事件;高中生不同的心理健康问题有其不同的影响因素。     

Religious Service Attendance Aids Coping by Providing a Sense of Continuity: A Test of the Stress‐Support Matching Hypothesis Using Mental Health Outcome Measures

We propose that religious service attendance (RSA) serves as a coping resource by providing a sense of continuity. As a source of continuity, and per the stress‐support matching hypothesis, RSA should consistently buffer the negative mental well‐being impacts of stressors related to discontinuity—the disruption of regular routines and relationships. Most, but not all, of the relevant previous studies we reviewed found that RSA served as an effective buffer for the negative mental health impacts of discontinuity stressors (such as unemployment, terminated relationships, etc.). This variability in previous findings warranted a formal exploration of the relationship between RSA and specific stressors. To that end, we conducted a series of OLS regression path analyses on a sample of Americans age 40 and older (N = 2,579). RSA was found to consistently buffer the negative impact of discontinuity stressors on mental well‐being but failed to do so for other stressors. Overall, our observations are (a) consistent with the stress‐support matching hypothesis, (b) suggest that RSA is particularly effective for reducing the negative impacts of discontinuity stressors, and (c) found no instance in which RSA exacerbated (i.e., made more severe) the effects of life event stressors on mental well‐being.     

Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD in a Postconflict and Disaster-Prone Area

The present study examines lifetime exposure to traumatic events and the rate of PTSD among university students living in a postconflict and disaster-prone area. Two self-report questionnaires, namely the Life Events Checklist and a PTSD screening tool, were used in the study. PTSD was found in 21% of respondents. Approximately 96% of the respondents have been exposed to traumatic events during their lifetime. Both genders have the same rate of PTSD (p?=?0.9) and exposure to traumatic events (p?=?0.327). Findings suggest that lifetime exposures to traumatic events are high among students living in this region.     

哲学性向、生活事件与精神信仰关系的研究

该文从实证的角度,探讨哲学性向、生活事件与精神信仰的关系。研究表明:1)哲学性向对宗教、神灵、金钱、家族崇拜起负向作用;对政治、国家和民族主义起正向作用。2)生活事件对神灵、生命和家庭起负向预测作用;生活事件通过与哲学性向的交互作用对民族信仰起预测作用。