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971.
Sara Antunes-Alves Katherine Thompson Ueli Kramer Martin Drapeau 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2014,14(2):93-101
Aim: Cognitive errors (CE) and coping strategies (CS) can bear weight on how individuals relate to others and perceive interpersonal relationships. However, there is little research into how clients' erroneous beliefs and maladaptive coping strategies can interfere with the therapeutic process. This study utilised a sample of healthy clients to explore the relationship between their CEs and CSs and their evaluation of therapy. Method: Therapy sessions of undergraduate student clients (N =26) were rated using the Cognitive Error Rating Scale (CERS – 3rd edition), the Coping Patterns Rating Scale (CPRS;), the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) and the Session Impact Scale (SIS). Results: Clients who engaged in dichotomous thinking endorsed problem solving less and were more likely to feel unsupported and misunderstood by the therapist. Clients who discounted the positive tended to feel more pressured and judged by therapists. Conversely, those who engaged in problem solving were more likely to find sessions deeper and more valuable as compared to those who reacted to stressful events by submission, escape, or opposition. Implications: Better understanding how and when a client's cognitive errors and coping mechanisms are at play during therapy can help clinicians to address them and intervene appropriately. 相似文献
972.
采用Stunkard等人编制的9点女性体形评定图片,使用排序法、评分法、评估法以及选美和选搭档的情景题目,对女性体形、吸引力与能力之间的关系进行了探索.各种方法一致发现吸引力与能力均和体形之间存在倒U形关系,但最具能力的体形和最具吸引力的体形并不一致,人们倾向认为偏瘦体形人物最具吸引力,但中等体形人物能力最强,存在分离现象.此外,女性虽不能正确知觉男性眼中最有吸引力的体形,但能正确知觉男性眼中最有能力的体形.本研究进一步发现,男性的分配观念可为女性不惜牺牲能力评价而热衷减肥的行为提供一定的解释.本研究的结果有助于人们认清体形吸引力与体形所展现出来的能力的分离关系,帮助女性更加理性地认识自己的体形.同时,该研究结果还可为有效减少女性盲目减肥提供科学依据. 相似文献
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目的:考察心理控制源在特殊教育教师工作要求与职业倦怠间的中介作用.方法:整群抽取252名特殊教育教师接受量表测量.结果:(1)工作要求与职业倦怠存在显著的性别差异;(2)相关分析表明,工作要求、职业倦怠与心理控制源之间呈显著相关;(3)心理控制源在工作要求与职业倦怠间起着中介作用;独立的中介效应检验中,三种控制源(内控性、有势力的他人、机遇)在工作要求与职业倦怠间都起着部分中介作用;综合模型中,工作要求主要通过有势力的他人这一中介与职业倦怠产生联系,同时也与职业倦怠间存在直接效应.结论:心理控制源是工作要求预测职业倦怠的部分中介因素. 相似文献
976.
《Body image》2014,11(1):72-76
This study investigated whether appearance investment explains the association between fear of negative evaluation and dietary restraint. Data were collected from 305 undergraduate female participants in an online survey. Mediation analyses were conducted using Preacher and Hayes (2008) Indirect Mediation macro. Results showed that both components of appearance investment that is, holding appearance as central to self-definition and the tendency to engage in appearance management behaviours, mediate the association between fear of negative evaluation and dietary restraint. The Baron and Kenny (1986) method further showed that holding appearance as central to self-definition fully mediates this association but that engagement in appearance management behaviours only partially mediates it. These results suggest that appearance investment could prompt women to diet to try to lose weight to fend off feared negative evaluation from others. 相似文献
977.
Linda Bolier Cristina Majo Filip Smit Gerben J. Westerhof Merel Haverman Jan A. Walburg 《The journal of positive psychology》2014,9(5):460-471
As yet, no evidence is available about the cost-effectiveness of positive psychological interventions. When offered via the Internet, these interventions may be particularly cost-effective, because they are highly scalable and do not rely on scant resources such as therapists’ time. Alongside a randomized controlled trial of an online positive psychological intervention, a health-economic evaluation was conducted. Mild to moderately depressed adults seeking self-help and recruited in the general population were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n?=?143) and a waitlisted usual care group (n?=?141). Improved clinical outcomes were achieved in the intervention group (at least for depression) at higher costs. When outliers (the top 2.5%, n?=?5 in intervention group, n?=?2 in control group) were removed, cost-effectiveness was increased considerably. For positive psychology, economic evaluations may be a means to nudge policy decision-makers towards placing positive psychological interventions on the health agenda. 相似文献
978.
Matthew Mundy E. Andrea Sadusky 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(2):39-48
Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) appear to possess abnormalities
in the way they observe and discriminate visual information. A pre-occupation
with perceived defects in appearance has been attributed to a local visual
processing bias. We studied the nature of visual bias in individuals who may be
at risk of developing BDD – those with high body image concerns (BICs) – by
using inverted stimulus discrimination. Inversion disrupts global, configural
information in favor of local, feature-based processing. 40 individuals with
high BIC and 40 low BIC controls performed a discrimination task with upright
and inverted faces, bodies, and scenes. Individuals with high BIC discriminated
inverted faces and bodies faster than controls, and were also more accurate when
discriminating inverted bodies and scenes. This reduction in inversion effect
for high BIC individuals may be due to a stimulus-general local, detail-focused
processing bias, which may be associated with maladaptive fixation on small
features in their appearance. 相似文献
979.
Effects of testing on subsequent re‐encoding and long‐term forgetting of action‐relevant materials: On the influence of recall type 下载免费PDF全文
Veit Kubik Lars‐Göran Nilsson Jonas K. Olofsson Fredrik U. Jönsson 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2015,56(5):475-481
Testing one's memory of previously studied information reduces the rate of forgetting, compared to restudy. However, little is known about how this direct testing effect applies to action phrases (e.g., “wash the car”) – a learning material relevant to everyday memory. As action phrases consist of two different components, a verb (e.g., “wash”) and a noun (e.g., “car”), testing can either be implemented as noun‐cued recall of verbs or verb‐cued recall of nouns, which may differently affect later memory performance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of testing for these two recall types, using verbally encoded action phrases as learning materials. Results showed that repeated study–test practice, compared to repeated study–restudy practice, decreased the forgetting rate across 1 week to a similar degree for both noun‐cued and verb‐cued recall types. However, noun‐cued recall of verbs initiated more new subsequent learning during the first restudy, compared to verb‐cued recall of nouns. The study provides evidence that testing has benefits on both subsequent restudy and long‐term retention of action‐relevant materials, but that these benefits are differently expressed with testing via noun‐cued versus verb‐cued recall. 相似文献
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