Essentialism in Social Representations of Citizenship: An Analysis of Greeks' and Migrants' Discourse

Following a Social Representations approach, the article examines the representations of citizenship held by both migrants and Greek citizens in Greece after the announcement of a heavily debated citizenship legislation. Essentialism, a way of representing social categories as holding an underlying essence that determines their characteristics, was used as an analytical tool to understand the inclusive or exclusive function of representations of citizenship towards migrants. Findings showed that Greeks construct representations based on ethnic, civic, and cultural ideas, while migrants construct representation of citizenship based on civic and cultural ideas. Essentialism was a way of constructing ethnic and cultural representations of citizenship and functioned in both exclusive and inclusive ways, but assimilatory terms accordingly. Civic and cultural representations of citizenship were constructed in nonessentialist ways and functioned in inclusive ways. However, from Greeks' perspective, civic inclusion was conditioned upon an often‐questioned legality of migrants and upon cultural assimilation terms. Studying both the content and the essentialist/nonessentialist formulation of representations of citizenship is an important tool in understanding the politics of inclusion and exclusion of citizens in the social arena.     

Stuck like glue: the formation and consequences of brand attachments among salespeople

Although managers and researchers put utmost importance on uncovering factors that affect effort and performance of sales representatives, they have largely overlooked a key factor. This research aims to remedy this neglect by shedding light on salesperson brand attachment. A qualitative study first examines the prevalence of attachment and uncovers several potential antecedents. Two follow-up empirical studies show that identification and psychological ownership are significant predictors of salesperson brand attachment. Informed by this research, managers can encourage brand attachment, with the end goal of increasing salesperson effort and ultimately performance, by increasing feelings of identification and psychological ownership among salespeople. This impact is particularly notable among brands with low market share, which are often a key concern of managers. The findings provide novel insights into how attachment affects sales representatives, as well as potential methods to cultivate such an attachment.     

组织支持感对组织认同的影响:内部人身份感知和自尊的中介作用

检验了内部人身份感知(PIS)和基于组织的自尊(OBSE)在组织支持感(POS)对组织认同的影响过程中的角色和地位。采用多样本结构方程建模的方法,通过对中国2家企业的员工的问卷调查所获取的452份有效数据进行分析,结果表明:(1)POS对PIS和OBSE有直接的显著影响;(2)同时借助于PIS和OBSE的中介作用对组织认同产生间接的影响。     

How international transracial adoptees and immigrants cope with discrimination? The moderating role of ethnic identity in the relation between perceived discrimination and psychological well‐being

Research has consistently shown that discrimination based on ethnic group membership affects the psychological well‐being of ethnic minorities. Recent studies revealed that discrimination is also a relevant experience for international transracial adoptees, who have experienced a unique migration process. Yet, there is still a paucity of studies focused on similarities and differences between how immigrants and international transracial adoptees perceive discrimination and on how perceived discrimination impacts psychological well‐being, also depending on ethnic identity. Our study aimed to fill these gaps by investigating the moderating role of ethnic identity affirmation in the association between perceived discrimination and psychological well‐being, measured in terms of self‐esteem. A comparison between international transracial adoptees and immigrants was carried out in the Italian context. Participants were 119 international transracial adoptees and 90 immigrants, aged between 15 and 24, all categorizing themselves as Latinos. Findings revealed that immigrants perceived more discrimination and showed higher levels of ethnic identity affirmation than did adoptees, but no difference emerged with respect to self‐esteem. Ethnic identity affirmation buffered the detrimental effects of perceived discrimination on self‐esteem among international transracial adoptees but not among immigrants. Results are discussed in relation to practical implications for preventive interventions.     

Racial/ethnic differences moderate associations of coping strategies and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters among women experiencing partner violence: a multigroup path analysis

Background: Past research underscores the key role of coping strategies in the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The goal of the current study was to extend existing literature by examining whether race/ethnicity moderates the relations among coping strategies (social support, problem-solving, avoidance) and PTSD symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, numbing, arousal).

Methods: Participants were 369 community women (134 African Americans, 131 Latinas, 104 Whites) who reported bidirectional aggression with a current male partner. Multigroup path analysis was utilized to test the moderating role of race/ethnicity in a model linking coping strategies to PTSD symptom clusters.

Results: The strength and direction of relations among coping strategies and PTSD symptom clusters varied as a function of race/ethnicity. Greater social support coping was related to more arousal symptoms for Latinas and Whites. Greater problem-solving coping was related to fewer arousal symptoms for Latinas. Greater avoidance coping was related to more symptoms across many of the PTSD clusters for African Americans, Latinas, and Whites, however, these relations were strongest for African Americans.

Conclusion: Results provide support for the moderating role of race/ethnicity in the relations among coping strategies and PTSD symptom clusters, and highlight potential targets for culturally informed PTSD treatments.     

研究生科研角色认同对科研创造力的影响:导师包容性领导、师门差错管理氛围的作用

以来自62个师门的411名全日制在校研究生为被试,采用问卷调查法探讨研究生科研角色认同对科研创造力的影响,并构建多层线性模型,分析导师包容性领导、师门差错管理氛围的调节作用。结果发现：（1）科研角色认同对科研创造力产生显著正向影响;（2）导师包容性领导、师门差错管理氛围在科研角色认同与科研创造力关系中均具有正向调节作用;（3）导师包容性领导对师门差错管理氛围具有显著正向影响,导师包容性领导的调节作用通过师门差错管理氛围的调节作用对研究生科研创造力产生影响。     

系统化细菌鉴定方法的探索及其启示

细菌鉴定有着悠久的历史。随着现代科学技术的快速发展,许多新方法、新技术在细菌鉴定中广泛应用,大大提高了鉴定水平。细菌鉴定技术的发展历程,引发我们探索系统化细菌鉴定的新方法,并带给我们对认识事物、看待问题、进行科学思维、继承与创新等方面的哲学思考。     

时-空整合影响图形识别的眼动研究

采用眼动追踪的方法对在不同方向(上、下、左与右)及距离(2.0°‘和4.0°视角)上先后出现的特征组合不同的图形识别过程进行了研究。结果表明。首先,对由不同颜色和形状构成的图形的识别受到图形特征组合的影响,视觉系统对颜色和形状的加工存在明显差异,与颜色加工相比,视觉系统需要更多的时间才能完成形状识别。此外,虽然图形识别的速度和准确性受运动方向与距离的影响较小,但在不同运动方向和距离上,视觉系统是通过改变眼动的时间和空间特性来完成识别任务的,视觉系统在识别过程中的这种时间与空间的整合特点还有待于进一步研究。     

肿瘤干细胞起源与鉴定方法研究现状

CSC理论使人们对恶性肿瘤有了一个全新的认识,为临床治疗提供了一个全新视角。该理论改变目前以全部癌细胞为目标的药物治疗策略,将使治愈肿瘤成为可能。分离和鉴定CSC是CSC靶向治疗的第一步。本文就CSC的起源和鉴定方法做一简要综述。     

组织政治知觉对组织认同的影响及工作投入的中介作用

以300余名中国大陆制造业企业的员工为被试,运用问卷调查方法和分层回归分析对组织政治知觉、组织认同和工作投入的关系进行了探讨。结果发现：（1）组织政治知觉对工作投入和组织认同有直接的消极影响;（2）组织政治知觉通过组织认同的中介对工作投入有间接的消极影响;（3）在组织政治知觉的三个子维度中,只有薪酬与晋升子维度对工作投入和组织认同具有显著影响。