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951.
VICTOR MANOEL ANDRADE 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2007,88(1):55-74
Thetherapeuticactionofpsychoanalysis, attributedformanyyearstotheinterpretation of the repressed libido, has shifted its focus to object relationships. Some modern analysts maintain that the primary factor of psychic change is the new model of object relationship provided by analysis, and do not consider signifi cant the knowledge of episodes comprising implicit memories, whose irrecoverable nature is demonstrated by neuroscience. Nevertheless, the author proposes that the knowledge of specifi c archaic events, useless as their interpretation may be, offers a glimpse of the make‐up of the mind, contributing to the improvement of the empathy indispensable for inducing changes in the patient. Episodes linked to absolute narcissism, in the beginnings of the body ego, which do not appear either in associations or in transference, emerge in dreams. Neuroscience has made possible the understanding of aspects of dreaming capable of providing a glimpse of the genesis of the ego, whose development from the bodily phase of absolute narcissism to the psychic object phase can thus be traced. The unearthing of the genesis of primary structural faults in dreaming furnishes the analyst with an estimate of the possibilities for development of the ego, and this knowledge provides fi ne tuning capable of guiding the analyst's conduct. A clinical case illustrates how these phenomena occur, showing the intersubjective relationship as the silent primary generator of psychic changes, consolidated and developed secondarily by means of the analytical dialogue. 相似文献
952.
Two experiments examined children's metacognitive monitoring of recognition judgments within an eyewitness identification paradigm. A confidence-accuracy (CA) calibration approach was used to examine patterns of calibration, over-/underconfidence, and resolution. In Experiment 1, children (n=619, mean age=11 years 10 months) and adults (n=600) viewed a simulated crime and attempted two separate identifications from 8-person target-present or target-absent lineups given lineup instructions that manipulated witnesses choosing patterns by varying the degree of social pressure. For choosers, but not nonchoosers, meaningful CA relations were observed for adults but not for children. Experiment 2 tested a guided hypothesis disconfirmation manipulation designed to improve the realism of children's metacognitive judgments. Children (N=796, mean age=11 years 11 months) in experimental and control conditions viewed a crime and attempted two separate identifications. The manipulation had minimal impact on the CA relation for choosers and nonchoosers. In contrast to adults, children's identification confidence provides no useful guide for investigators about the likely guilt or innocence of a suspect. These experiments revealed limitations in children's metacognitive monitoring processes that have not been apparent in previous research on recall and recognition with younger children. 相似文献
953.
从社会交换的角度看组织认同的来源及效益 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从社会交换的角度探讨了组织认同的来源及效益。采用结构方程建模的方法,通过对398名企业个体的问卷调查所获取的数据进行分析,结果表明:(1)POS对组织认同和留职意愿有着直接的显著影响;同时,它通过组织认同的中介作用对个体的留职意愿、同事间利他行为、个人主动性、人际和谐和保护公司资源会产生间接的影响;(2)LMX对组织认同和留职意愿没有直接的显著影响;但它对同事间利他行为、个人主动性、人际和谐和保护公司资源有着直接的显著影响 相似文献
954.
It is important to be able to offer an account of which activities count as scientific research, given our current interest
in promoting research as a means to benefit humankind and in ethically regulating it. We attempt to offer such an account,
arguing that we need to consider both the procedural and functional dimensions of an activity before we can establish whether
it is a genuine instance of scientific research. By placing research in a broader schema of activities, the similarities and
differences between research activities and other activities become visible. It is also easier to show why some activities
that do not count as research can sometimes be confused with research and why some other activities can be regarded only partially
as research. Although the concept of research is important to delimit a class of activities which we might be morally obliged
to promote, we observe that the class of activities which are regarded as subject to ethical regulation is not exhausted by
research activities. We argue that, whether they be research or not, all the activities that are likely to affect the rights
and interests of the individuals involved and impact on the rights and interests of other individuals raise ethical issues
and might be in need of ethical regulation. 相似文献
955.
There is a growing interest in ethical competence-building within nursing and health care practising. This tendency is accompanied
by a remarkable growth of ethical guidelines. Ethical demands have also been laid down in laws. Present-day practitioners
and researchers in health care are thereby left in a virtual cross-fire of various legislations, codes, and recommendations,
all intended to guide behaviour. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of ethical guidelines in the process of
ethical competence-building within health care practice and medical research. A conceptual and critical philosophical analysis
of some paragraphs of the Helsinki Declaration and of relevant literature was performed. Three major problems related to ethical
guidelines were identified, namely, the interpretation problem (there is always a gap between the rule and the practice, which implies that ethical competence is needed for those who are
to implement the guidelines); the multiplicity problem (the great number of codes, declarations, and laws might pull in different directions, which may confuse the health care
providers who are to follow them); and the legalisation problem (ethics concerns may take on a legal form, where ethical reflection is replaced by a procedure of legal interpretations).
Virtue ethics might be an alternative to a rule based approach. This position, however, can turn ethics into a tacit knowledge,
leading to poorly reflected and inconsistent ethical decisions. Ethical competence must consist of both being (virtues) and
doing (rules and principles), but also of knowing (critical reflection), and therefore a communicative based model is suggested. 相似文献
956.
957.
知觉干扰存效应是指之前更模糊的刺激的呈现对之后同一模糊刺激的识别的抑制。实验-考察了学习和频率、实验二考察了学习和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰存效应的影响。结果发现:1.汉字与图片一样,不存在材料有限现象,在学习和不学习条件下,汉字识别中均存在知觉干扰效应;2.学习以及频率和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰效应的影响也不显著;3.频率、学习和结构方式对汉字识别的影响显著。这些结果似乎表明当激活超过一定的水平时,和汉字激活水平有关的因素对知觉干扰效应不再起作用。失匹配假说可更好的解释激活水平的作用以及材料有限现象。 相似文献
958.
心理发展和教育的关系涉及到如何从学生心理发展的角度出发,选择适宜的教育模式问题,它是当代发展心理学与教育心理学的一个重要课题。首届"中学和高校的趋势、机遇和挑战——教育家的会议"从自我同一感和道德教育、心理的连续型发展与教育衔接、内隐学习与实践教育出发,就心理发展和教育间的关系提出了一些全新的理解,为解决中等教育实践中的多个问题提供了宝贵的建议。 相似文献
959.
Joaquina Palomar-Lever 《Applied research in quality of life》2007,2(3):165-188
It has been reported in the literature that the socioeconomic level of subjects often does not correspond to their class identification,
and that the latter is a better predictor of physical and psychological health variables. The objectives of this study were
to provide evidence that class identification is largely independent of the socioeconomic level of subjects, and to verify
the extent to which class identification is related to psychological factors (self-esteem, social support networks, strategies
for coping with stress, depression, locus of control, achievement motivation and subjective well-being), and to the probability
of experiencing upward social mobility. Participating in the study were 918 subjects, of whom 346 were extremely poor, 260
moderately poor and 312 were not poor. City districts in Mexico City and the larger metropolitan area were selected randomly.
The results indicated a weak relationship between objective indicators of socioeconomic level and the class identification
of subjects and a relationship between class identification and some of the psychological factors measured, and between the
upward social mobility. 相似文献
960.