日本市场经济的伦理支撑与反思

集团主义、忠诚、竞争合作、报恩等是支撑日本市场经济的主要伦理原则。对这些原则的研究,是建设社会主义经济伦理的重要参考。     

行政管理伦理化趋势探析

行政管理从统治型行政管理模式向管理型行政管理模式、再向服务型行政管理模式的历史性跃迁,使现代行政管理呈现出伦理化趋势;行政管理伦理化趋势是社会主义的必然要求;推进当代中国行政管理的伦理化必须寻求合适的实现途径和实现形式。     

脑死亡立法的伦理辩护

"脑死亡"立法是必要的并可以得到充分的伦理辩护:尊重人,特别是尊重人的自主性是"脑死亡"立法的伦理基础."脑死亡"立法符合有利和公平的伦理原则,符合功利主义伦理学追求社会利益最大化的目的.但我们在立法时,应尽量贯彻不伤害原则,注意保护患者及其亲属的利益.     

论曼德威尔的“私恶即公利”

曼德威尔的“私恶即公利”具有矛盾性和过渡性。他既肯定了在资本主义条件下私利对公利的促进 ,私利与公利在本质上的一致性 ;在价值评价上又采取了矛盾的形式 ,仍然认为私利是一种“恶” ,不能摆脱或抛弃基督教禁欲主义的伦理体系。曼德威尔的思想 ,为斯密对资本主义经济结构及其伦理性质的论证提供了准备 ,在对私利或个人利益的伦理评价上 ,他的“私恶即公利”的思想成为由中世纪基督教禁欲主义过渡到近代资本主义的个人主义、利己主义的中间环节。他的这一矛盾的命题对于我们在社会主义市场经济条件下如何看待个人利益依然具有启发意义。     

论“自然剃刀”

直觉地看 ,生态伦理学的基本原则应该是 ,我们的行为应该有利于或无害于生态系统。然而 ,这个原则却在认识论和价值论上都存在着困难 ,首先 ,我们无法在原则上知道我们的行为是否有利或无害于生态系统 ,其次 ,我们不能保证我们的生态学知识可以充分地推出这个积极的原则。因此 ,“自然剃刀”的消极原则是 :如无必要 ,不应该增加对生态系统的人为干预。     

行政伦理困境与行政行为选择

行政责任的特点之一是其道德性 ,在行政行为选择中伦理动因占据着核心位置。行政伦理困境是行政行为选择中经常遇到的一种特殊情境 ,行政伦理困境与行政行为选择经常相伴而生 ,因此 ,谈及行政伦理困境必然涉及到行政行为选择。     

先秦儒家伦理精粹与中华民族精神

本文认为先秦儒家伦理精粹在中华民族精神的形成发展过程中发挥了骨干作用。并从其崇仁重义、尚礼贵诚、重智尚勇、贵和执中、与其倡导的自强厚德、爱国奉献、治世理想、内圣外王以及其思想特征等方面加以论述。     

道德信仰的发生机制

道德信仰的发生机制至少包括三个方面 ,即 :需要的体认机制 ;伦理义务的内化机制 ;道德心理的整合机制。需要的体认机制涉及到对人性、人生的价值、人的使命等问题 ,它是道德信仰形成的主体基础 ;伦理义务的内化机制涉及到人的社会伦理关系、社会规定性和制约性、社会价值、社会道德规范及其教化等问题 ,它是道德信仰形成的客观条件 ;道德心理的整合机制涉及到道德认知、道德情感、道德意志和道德人格等问题 ,它是道德信仰形成的主、客观方面的动态的统一。     

SOME THOUGHTS ON PSYCHOANALYSIS AND ETHICS

The author attempts to establish a framework for understanding the contribution of psychoanalysis to ethics through examining the work of certain philosophers, especially Kant. After reviewing the development of Freudian thought and going beyond the ‘psychoanalysis and/or psychiatry?’ question, he asserts that the space of the psychoanalytical cure revolves around an ethical problem. Thus, the limits of analysis should be determined by the subject's capacity for developing a structure of belief in the unconscious, with the concomitant capacity to go beyond equivocation in respect of an ethical conflict that underlies all cases where psychical suffering is manifested. Indeed, only human beings are called upon to deal with an ethical paradox “equally a logical one”which could be stated thus: there is Good in Evil and Evil in Good. This ethical paradox is the consequence of human subjection to the constituent laws of the Oedipus complex, which distances the human being, in his/her dealings with Evil and with Good, from any naturalist stance. In respect of the cure, then, we must take into account that Evil does not proceed from any particular drive‐based characteristic, but is rather the expression of specific subjection to an unconscious Other, towards which it directs its affects. Finally, the author proposes a principle that emerges from the preceding discussion: let us not impute to or place in the Other our own subjective splitting or pain at existing.     

Naked narrative: Real research?

A multi‐layered narrative is presented as a way of inviting discussion about narrative as research in the talking therapies and social sciences. The core issue under consideration is the challenge of researching lived experience and how this is distorted or eliminated by many traditional approaches to research. The paper contains an account of a first experience of presenting a narrative about ethical decision‐making to a national research conference by someone more accustomed to writing and researching in traditional propositional discourses. The aim of this narrative is to focus attention on the lived experience of generating new understanding and practice and to raise questions for discussion about the role of narrative in research, especially research directed towards developing insight into lived experience.