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91.
92.
医学遗传服务与遗传学研究的伦理问题 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
遗传工程的分子技术于本世纪70年代问世。这一技术的创新使人类与医学遗传学突飞猛进,由此导致遗传医学的飞速发展。与此同步,医学伦理学兴起,临床医学遗传服务与遗传学研究的伦理问题日益成为人文科学关注的核心。世界卫生组织(WHO)于1997年发布的《医学遗传学与遗传服务伦理问题的建议国际准则》。探讨我国医学伦理学发展的策略和面临的挑战,祈盼适合我国国情的中华医学遗传服务与遗传学研究的伦理准则早日问世。 相似文献
93.
Pritchard MS 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(3):413-422
This paper explores ways in which service-learning programs can enhance ethics education in engineering. Service-learning programs combine volunteer work and academic study. The National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE) and American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE) codes of ethics explicitly encourage engineers to seek opportunities, beyond their work-related responsibilities, to serve their communities. Examples of how this can be encouraged as a part of the educational experiences of engineering students are explored. 相似文献
94.
Cummings ML 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(4):701-715
The Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) has declared that to achieve accredited status, “engineering
programs must demonstrate that their graduates have an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.” Many engineering
professors struggle to integrate this required ethics instruction in technical classes and projects because of the lack of
a formalized ethics-in-design approach. However, one methodology developed in human-computer interaction research, the Value-Sensitive
Design approach, can serve as an engineering education tool which bridges the gap between design and ethics for many engineering
disciplines. The three major components of Value-Sensitive Design, conceptual, technical, and empirical, exemplified through
a case study which focuses on the development of a command and control supervisory interface for a military cruise missile. 相似文献
95.
96.
Steinberg D 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2004,25(4):229-241
Kidney donation by young children and the mentally retarded has been supported by court decisions, arguments based on obligations inherent in family relationships, an array of contextual factors, and the principle of beneficence. These justifications for taking organs from people who cannot protect themselves are problematic and must be weighed against our obligation to protect the vulnerable. A compromise solution is presented that strongly protects young children and the mentally retarded but does not abdicate all responsibility to relieve suffering. Guidelines are proposed that prohibit the retrieval of kidneys from young children and the mentally retarded but permit one exception. They would allow retrieval of a kidney when the consequence to a first order relative with whom the donor has a meaningful and valuable relationship is otherwise imminent death. This would be done in accordance with additional guidelines that minimize harm to the donor. Since most patients with end stage renal disease can be maintained on dialysis the need for a kidney to prevent death should be an uncommon occurrence. This compromise is proposed as a solution to a dilemma that exists because two ethical principles are in conflict and one cannot be honored without violating the other. 相似文献
97.
Salvi M 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(1):101-108
In this paper I address the conflict of interest (CoI) issue from a legal point of view at a European level. We will see that
the regulatory framework that exists in Europe does state the need for the independence of ethics committee involved in authorisation
of research and clinical trials. We will see that CoI is an element that has to be closely monitored at National and International
level. Therefore, Member States and Newly Associated States do have to address CoI in the authorisation process of research
and clinical protocols of biomedicine.
The opinions here expressed are personal and do not commit the European Commission.
An earlier version of this paper was delivered at a Conference on Conflict of Interest and Its Significance in Science and Medicine, 5–6 April, 2002, Warsaw, Poland.
The author is a Scientific Officer in the Programme Science and Society dealing with ethics and science (Unit C.3). 相似文献
98.
99.
Eugen Tarnow PhD 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(1):73-88
A questionnaire probing the distribution of authorship credit was given to postdoctoral associates (“postdocs”) in order to
determine their awareness of the professional society’s ethical statement on authorship, the extent of communication with
their supervisors about authorship criteria, and the appropriateness of authorship assignments on submitted papers.
Results indicate a low awareness of the professional society’s ethical statement and that little communication takes place
between postdocs and supervisors about authorship criteria. A substantial amount of authorship credit given to supervisors
and other workers is perceived by the postdocs to violate the professional society’s ethical statement. 相似文献
100.
Garrett Cullity 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》1999,2(3):277-294
Are there good grounds for thinking that the moral values of action are to be derived from those of character? This ‘virtue ethical’ claim is sometimes thought of as a kind of normative ethical theory; sometimes as form of opposition to any such theory. However, the best case to be made for it supports neither of these claims. Rather, it leads us to a distinctive view in moral epistemology: the view that my warrant for a particular moral judgement derives from my warrant for believing that I am a good moral judge. This view seems to confront a regress-problem. For the belief that I am a good moral judge is itself a particular moral judgement. So it seems that, on this view, I need to derive my warrant for believing that I am a good moral judge from my warrant for believing that I am a good judge of moral judges; and so on. I show how this worry can be met, and trace the implications of the resulting view for warranted moral judgement. 相似文献