Group moral discount: Diffusing blame when judging group members

People lie more when they work as a group rather than alone. However, do people suspect and morally evaluate groups and individuals differently when they are suspiciously successful? In four experiments, we examine whether (a) suspiciously successful individuals and groups are judged and punished differently and (b) individual group members are judged differently from the group as one unit. Results suggest that people suspect successful groups and individuals to the same extent. However, group members are less likely to be suspected, judged negatively, punished, and reported on, when they are judged as separate individuals compared with as a group. The findings demonstrate a bias in judgment of group members, stemming from the method of evaluation—holistic or separate. We suggest that in order to minimize bias when judging misconduct by a group, the moral evaluation and punishment of all group members should be considered simultaneously.     

伦理学视野中的所有制问题

所有制问题是经济伦理研究中的一个重要问题。如何确立所有制评价的伦理标准 ,对所有制问题进行伦理审视 ,探求道德完善的现代所有制形式 ,有助于为我国的经济改革提供必要的伦理支持和价值导向。     

美国医疗知情同意案例评介

在美国的医疗活动中,知情同意是规范医患关系的一项伦理道德原则,同时,美国司法活动也在医疗事故背景下适用知情同意说,并形成一些司法适用的医疗知情同意的标准和告知责任的范围,介绍和讨论对涉及到这些问题的三个有影响的判例。     

Epistemic Justice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of Knowing

The dual aim of this article is to reveal and explain a certain phenomenon of epistemic injustice as manifested in testimonial practice, and to arrive at a characterisation of the anti–prejudicial intellectual virtue that is such as to counteract it. This sort of injustice occurs when prejudice on the part of the hearer leads to the speaker receiving less credibility than he or she deserves. It is suggested that where this phenomenon is systematic it constitutes an important form of oppression.     

从传统伦理向现代伦理的转型和跨越——孙中山伦理思想研究

孙中山以自由、平等、博爱等人道主义现代伦理理念为指导 ,从道德本体、道德规范的内容、人格模式、道德价值定位等视角将传统伦理转化为现代伦理 ,实现了传统伦理向现代伦理的跨越。孙中山伦理思想在中国近现代伦理思想史上具有重要的历史地位。     

公正：城市反贫困的伦理标准

公正是人类社会追求的永恒价值理想 ,也是社会发展过程中需要妥善处理的一个难点问题。随着中国社会转型进程的日益加快 ,社会各阶层贫富差距的不断拉大 ,公正原则受到社会现实的极大挑战 ,公正原则的普遍实现与否 ,将决定我国城市反贫困工作的成败。基于上述理由 ,笔者从公正的制度化基础、公正的基本原则和公正原则实现的条件等几方面阐述如何以公正为伦理标准来推进城市反贫困工作。     

Honneth and the Communitarians: Towards a Recognitive Critical Theory of Community

This paper attempts to sketch a critical model of political community by drawing upon recent contributions to the theory of ‘recognition’, particularly in the work of Axel Honneth. The paper proceeds by, first, delineating key features shared by a range of positions associated with ‘communitarianism’, along with the limitations and problems incurred by these commitments. The second part of the paper attempts to mobilise Honneth’s theoretical work to develop a conception of community that shares a number of the basic premisesvis-á-vis political life associated with communitarianism, but which nevertheless accommodates the reservations expressed by communitarianism’s liberal and radical critics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

网络化社会的道德问题及基本伦理规范

网络的出现给人类生活带来巨大变化,就道德领域而言,它在带给人无限憧憬的同时,又使人面对道德主体的责任缺失、道德情感冷漠、不道德行为大量客观存在等问题,这些网络道德问题的出现,使得当前提出网络伦理的基本原则和规范,加强网络伦理的建设成为必要。     

The Impact of Gender and Setting on Perceptions of Others' Ethics

In this article we explore how differences in gender and setting affect individuals' perceptions of others' ethics. We examine 4 hypotheses: first, that men would be perceived as more utilitarian in their ethics and women would be perceived as more formalist; second, individuals would be perceived to be more utilitarian in work settings than in nonwork settings; third, women would be more accurate in their perceptions of others' ethics; fourth, both men and women would be more accurate in their perceptions of women's ethics. Results strongly support the first, refute the second, modestly support the third, and support the fourth. Overall, the data suggest that men and women share very similar perceptions of own-gender and other-gender ethics. However, these shared perceptions are often quite inaccurate.     

Sex Differences in Competitive and Compliant Unethical Work Behavior

Male and female librarians were compared in terms of their willingness to engage in competitive unethical work behavior and on their willingness to comply with organizational pressures to behave unethically. Men report a greater willingness to engage in each of these behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of sex differences in personality characteristics.