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21.
为探讨早期剥夺对大鼠行为与海马脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)mRNA表达的影响,将新生的SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组与早期剥夺组,早期剥夺组在出生后1~14d每天孤养4h。监测体重,在出生后36?64天进行液体消耗试验,每周一次。12w龄时,进行穿梭箱试验,酶联免疫法检测海马BDNF含量,原位杂交法观察海马BDNF mRNA的表达。早期剥夺组大鼠体重显著低于正常对照组(p0.01),糖水摄入量与糖水偏爱显著低于正常对照组(p0.05或p0.01)。穿梭箱试验中,早期剥夺组大鼠在训练时的穿梭反应次数显著少于正常对照组(p0.05),在测试时,两组大鼠的被动逃避行为、主动逃避行为与逃避错误次数无显著差异。早期剥夺组大鼠海马BDNF含量、CA1区和CA3区BDNF mRNA表达显著低于正常对照组(p=0.05或p0.05)。提示早期剥夺可导致大鼠生长减慢,表现出快感缺失的抑郁样行为,但未诱导成年大鼠表现出明显的习得性无助倾向,早期剥夺能下调成年大鼠海马BDNFmRNA的表达。 相似文献
22.
Dean McKay Fugen Neziroglu Kevin Stevens Jose A. Yaryura-Tobias 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1998,20(3):265-274
The psychometric properties of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) have recently been heavily examined. Specifically, a number of researchers have been interested in determining the factor structure of this scale to find whether it best forms a one, two, or three factor model. The present study continued this examination by considering different scaling models using confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of individuals diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). One hundred and forty-six individuals diagnosed with OCD participated and were administered the Y-BOCS and scales measuring depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). It was found that the Y-BOCS forms two different two-factor models. One model consisted of an obsessions and compulsions factor; the other composed of disturbance and symptom severity factors. It was likewise found that depression and anxiety were related to both factors in one model (disturbance and symptom severity). The finding that depression was related to obsessions and anxiety to compulsions was found, as in a previous factor analysis of the Y-BOCS. These findings suggest that OCD may be best characterized as a multidimensional syndrome that may not be adequately examined by a single unitary factor as described in the Y-BOCS. 相似文献
23.
24.
Haruhiko Ogasawara 《The Japanese psychological research》1999,41(2):121-130
The asymptotic standard errors for the procrustes solutions are derived for orthogonal rotation, direct oblique rotation and indirect oblique rotation. The standard errors for the first two rotations are obtained using the augmented information matrices. For the indirect oblique solution, the standard errors of rotated parameters are derived from the information matrix of unrotated loadings using the chain rule for information matrices. For all three types of rotation, the standard errors of rotated parameters are presented for unstandardized and standardized manifest variables. Numerical examples show the similarity of theoretical and simulated values. 相似文献
25.
Edward H. Haertel 《Psychometrika》1990,55(3):477-494
Relations are examined between latent trait and latent class models for item response data. Conditions are given for the two-latent class and two-parameter normal ogive models to agree, and relations between their item parameters are presented. Generalizationss are then made to continuous models with more than one latent trait and discrete models with more than two latent classes, and methods are presented for relating latent class models to factor models for dichotomized variables. Results are illustrated using data from the Law School Admission Test, previously analyzed by several authors. 相似文献
26.
Charles F. Smith 《Zygon》2000,35(1):181-187
DNA is an important agent not only in chemistry and biology but also in technology and modern culture. A number of books approach the double helix from different angles. These perspectives include (1) the science of DNA and genetics; (2) genetic engineering; (3) the ethics of manipulating genetic material; and (4) DNA in culture and religion. Various views of DNAprovide insights into human nature beyond its molecular composition. 相似文献
27.
We show that a single presentation of a zebra finch song, 2 s in duration, will induce an "immediate-early gene" response in the caudomedial neostriatum of zebra finches (Poephila guttata). Repetition of this stimulus 10 times is sufficient to induce a maximal increase in RNA and protein, detected 30 and 90 min later respectively. Thus very brief stimuli can set in motion a slow genomic process in the brain which takes hours to resolve. Immediate-early gene function is often considered in the context of a "feedback" model (i.e., to consolidate memories of the inducing event). However, based on the long lag observed here between initiation and full expression of the molecular response, we suggest an alternative, ethologically based, "feed-forward" model in which exposure to a novel or significant context triggers an increase in the efficiency of memory capture processes for subsequent experiences. 相似文献
28.
Jameson K. Hirsch Morgan K. Treaster Andrea R. Kaniuka Byron D. Brooks Fuschia M. Sirois Niko Kohls Eberhard Nöfer Loren L. Toussaint Martin Offenbächer 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2020,61(4):543-548
Individuals with fibromyalgia are at greater risk for depressive symptoms than the general population, and this may be partially attributable to physical symptoms that impair day-to-day functioning. However, individual-level protective characteristics may buffer risk for psychopathology. For instance, the ability to perceive a “silver lining” in one’s illness may be related to better mental and physical health. We examined perceived silver lining as a potential moderator of the relation between fibromyalgia impact and depressive symptoms. Our sample of persons with fibromyalgia (N = 401) completed self-report measures including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and the Silver Lining Questionnaire. Moderation analyses covaried age, sex, and ethnicity. Supporting hypotheses, increasing impact of disease was related to greater depressive symptoms, and perceptions of a silver lining attenuated that association. Despite the linkage between impairment and depressive symptoms, identifying positive aspects or outcomes of illness may reduce risk for psychopathology. Therapeutically promoting perception of a silver lining, perhaps via signature strengths exercises or a blessings journal, and encouraging cognitive reframing of the illness experience, perhaps via Motivational Interviewing or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, may reduce depressive symptoms in persons with fibromyalgia. 相似文献
29.
Personality matters for romantic relationships. In this study, we investigated personal growth in couples (the Michelangelo phenomenon) and targeted questions of personality effects. We explored whether traits intrapersonally predict ideal selves as well as whether traits intra- and interpersonally account for why some people are more likely to benefit from the Michelangelo phenomenon than others. We used data from a 4-year study of 163 couples (Mage = 50.72 years). Logistic regressions indicate complementarity effects for men, in that those high in neuroticism were likely to wish to be emotionally stable. Actor–partner interdependence models revealed positive actor effects of emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness, while few partner effects emerged. We discuss dyadic personal growth in view of individual trait differences. 相似文献
30.
The Dark Factor of Personality (D) has been suggested as the basic disposition underlying dark traits, thereby representing their common core. However, it has also been argued that such commonalities reflect the low pole of Agreeableness. The present study (N = 729) employed five established inventories to model the Agreeableness construct and considered seven theoretically derived criterion variables, including one behavioral outcome. Results indicate that Agreeableness and D exhibit a substantial, but far from perfect, association of r = −.64. Further, D incrementally improved the prediction of all but one criterion measure. These results speak against the notion that the commonalities of dark traits can be reduced to low Agreeableness and rather support the contention to consider Agreeableness and D as functionally distinct constructs. 相似文献