课堂目标结构、个人目标取向、自我效能及价值与学业自我妨碍

以216名初中二年级学生为被试,采用协方差结构模型对成就目标、自我效能、价值与学业自我妨碍的关系进行研究。结果表明：课堂自我取向对学业自我妨碍有显著的正向预测作用;自我效能、内在价值和达成价值对学业自我妨碍有显著的负向预测作用。     

组织承诺研究综述

本文通过对组织承诺的文献分析,讨论了组织承诺概念的演变和其结构的发展,并对组织承诺的相关因素进行了评述。分析了组织承诺形成的影响变量和其效标变量,对今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

Privacy and Justification*

In this paper, I aim to demonstrate the importance of liberal engagement in public debate, in the face of Nagel’s claim that respect for privacy requires liberals to withdraw from their ‘control of the culture’. The paper starts by outlining a pluralist conception of privacy. I then proceed to examine whether there really is liberal cultural control, as Nagel affirms it, and whether such control truly involves a violation of privacy. Moreover, I argue that Nagel’s desire to leave the social and cultural space radically neutral is incompatible with Rawls’ conception of public reason and clashes with the need to justify liberal institutions.*Winner of the inaugural Res Publica Postgraduate Essay Prize, 2005.     

城市居民风险认知结构研究

尝试探索城市居民风险认知的结构。在深度访谈和文献整理的基础上,研究形成了23个项目的城市居民风险认知调查问卷。探索性因素分析表明城市居民的风险认知结构由5个因子构成,分别是:风险的可控性,风险的可见性,风险的可怕性,风险的可能性和风险的严重性,五个因子共解释了风险认知总变异的54.775%。信效度检验表明,各因子与总分的α系数在0.5799-0.8527之间,分半信度在0.5352-0.8420之间,各因子与总分的相关高于各因子间的相关,都达到了统计学的显著性,同时验证性因素分析也证实了该问卷的构想效度。     

儿童能力自我知觉的影响因素概述

该文在综合大量实证研究成果的基础上,全面概括并细致分析了影响儿童能力自我知觉发展与表现的三方面主要因素,即1)主体因素,包括能力概念、认知发展水平、需要动机及相关经验等;2)教育环境;3)任务性质。     

Approaches to Reducing Poverty

In this essay, I present examples of programs to reduce or alleviate poverty and promote economic development. Examples are classified according to the program’s likely impact upon poverty. Examples include programs of the Appalachian Regional Commission, the Delta Regional Authority, the research program of the University of Georgia entitled, “It’s a Matter of Wealth,” suggestions made at a conference of the Georgia Rural Development Council, and interviews with professionals engaged in economic development. There are, (1), direct approaches to benefiting the poor with: (a), immediate impact; and (b), long term and sustaining impact; (2), indirect impact programs which include: (a), environmental improvements; (b), economic improvements; (c), social improvements; and (3), ethical considerations. The classification shows that many programs for economic development have only indirect effect upon poverty. A scheme of classification of poverty persons is needed. While the development of the infrastructure may impact the general well-being of a region, the increase in income of low-income persons remains the essential solution. Longitudinal studies of poverty families are suggested as means of evaluating approaches to reducing poverty. Programs affecting the poor should adhere to ethical canons, such as: nonmalfeasance, autonomy, beneficence, fidelity, and justice. Abbott L. Ferriss, Ph. D., is Professor of Sociology Emeritus, Emory University, e-mail: aferris@emory.edu. The study was conducted under an Emory University Heilbrun Distinguished Emeritus Research Fellowship.     

幼儿心理压力的现状及与行为问题、家庭生态环境之间的关系

本文考察了幼儿心理压力的现状,并对性别、年龄和入托性质等影响因素做了检验与分析,此外还进行了幼儿心理压力与行为问题及家庭生态环境之间的相关研究。结果发现,68.9%幼儿存在一定程度的心理压力,其中压力较大的孩子约占10%;幼儿的心理压力与性别无关,但与年龄、入托性质等因素有关,大班比小班、全托比日托的孩子的心理压力大;幼儿心理压力与行为问题尤其是违纪行为存在一定的关系,与家庭生态环境的诸因素之间也都存在一定的关系。     

家庭暴力的社会认知心理机制及其防范策略的研究

家庭暴力已成为一个世界性的社会问题,然而我国学者对家庭暴力的研究多集中在现象的描述,原因的探讨和完善立法等方面,因而从社会心理学角度探究家庭暴力的认知机制对揭示家庭暴力的实质具有重要意义。心理学研究指出家庭暴力的产生及其对子女的影响而导致的暴力轮回都是认知结构上的偏差所导致,所以从改变认知结构入手的认知行为疗法将是防止家庭暴力的直接和有效的策略。