Young People's Creative and Performing Arts Participation and Arts Self‐concept: A Longitudinal Study of Reciprocal Effects

This longitudinal study examines the relationship between young people's creative and performing arts participation (e.g., in dance, drama, film, music, visual arts) and their arts self‐concept. Drawing on the positive youth development (PYD) framework and the reciprocal effects model (REM) of self‐concept, a cross‐lagged panel design is implemented to explore the connections between arts self‐concept and each of school (e.g., school‐based arts instruction), home (e.g., parent–child arts interaction), and community (e.g., out‐of‐school arts instruction) creative and performing arts participation. The study drew on an Australian sample of 643 elementary and high school students from 15 schools. Analyses showed that beyond the effects of socio‐demographics and prior achievement, there are longitudinal associations (including reciprocal effects) between numerous forms of creative and performing arts participation and arts self‐concept. Implications are discussed.     

The revisionist's rubric: conceptual engineering and the discontinuity objection

This paper is about conceptual engineering (CE). Specifically, it discusses a common objection to CE, which I call the Discontinuity Objection. According to the Discontinuity Objection, CE leads to problematic discontinuities in subject and/or inquiry – making it philosophically uninteresting or irrelevant. I argue that a conceptual engineer can dismiss the Discontinuity Objection by showing that the pre-engineering concept persists through the proposed changes. In other words, the Discontinuity Objection does not apply if the proposal involves identity-preserving changes. Two existing views on identity-preserving changes are considered and rejected. I then argue that an identity-preserving conceptual change is one that allows the concept to continue to perform its function. A concept’s function is its job, its point and purpose, its role in a conceptual repertoire. In a slogan: Preserve a concept’s function, and you preserve the concept itself; preserve the concept, and you preserve the subject. The paper concludes by discussing some implications of this view.     

Conceptual engineering as concept preservation

In the burgeoning philosophical literature on conceptual engineering improving our concepts is typically portrayed as the hallmark activity of the field. However, Herman Cappelen has challenged the idea that we can know how and why conceptual changes occur well enough to actively intervene in revising our concepts; the mechanisms of conceptual change are typically inscrutable to us. If the ‘inscrutability challenge’ is correct, the practical aspect of conceptual engineering may seem to be undermined, but I argue that endorsing such pessimism would be a mistake. Even if the inscrutability challenge is correct, conceptual engineers often have good reasons to try to preserve existing concepts. I examine several cases where concept preservation is important and draw lessons about this activity for conceptual engineers.     

中医研究中的中西医概念对应存在的逻辑问题及分析

在中医现代化研究中,必然要涉及到中西医概念“对应理解”问题。现实情况中,中西医概念的“混淆理解”“概念不对等”等逻辑问题是普遍存在的,中医的概念能否找到最恰当对应的现代医学概念,这既影响到研究选题的合理性、可行性,又直接影响到研究结果的可靠性、可推广性。这些研究既包括中医基础理论研究,也包括中医临床研究和各种实验室研究,而要解决这样的问题,就需要研究人员补齐短板,了解形式逻辑中概念逻辑的基本规则和要求,汇通中西医学理论,加深对中医基础概念的内涵及外延的精准理解。

     

心力衰竭治疗方法及理念转变之争议分析

关于心力衰竭（简称心衰）的病因病机和治疗中国自古以来就有所认识,而随着西医的传入与发展,基础和循证医学使人们更加深入地了解心衰的发病机制,并推动了心衰治疗方法及理念的更新。心衰已由最初的“水钠潴留”的病理生理机制过渡到“血液动力学异常”模式,再到“神经内分泌免疫调节”模式。近年来,人们对心衰综合征有了进一步的了解,同时随着医疗模式的转变及人文医学、哲学、心理学和全科医学的发展,心衰的诊断、治疗和预防理念产生了巨大的改变。

     

中国叙事医学实践的反思

首先,以叙事学、人类学、叙事医学三个学科领域的界定与分析来厘清叙事概念。其次,在此基础上指出叙事医学发展进程中存在的问题,包括医学教育与临床实践适应性不同、平行病历工具的运用不宜脱离临床情境、对反思性写作进行反思、对叙事走进医学的质疑与反思等。最后,提出中国叙事医学高质量发展的可能路径：叙事病历研究构成临床实践落地的重要起点、构建中国主体的叙事医学教育框架、跨学科多向度的综合实践意义重大等。

     

The relationship between mental rotation and arithmetic: do number line estimation,working memory,or place-value concept matter?

Mental rotation is positively related to arithmetic ability; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. The possible roles of working memory, place-value concept, and number line estimation in the correlation between mental rotation and whole-number computation were investigated. One hundred and fifty-five first-grade students were tested to determine their mental rotation ability, arithmetic ability, and non-verbal intelligence. One year later, their working memory, place-value concept, number line estimation, and overall arithmetic ability were assessed. After controlling for age, gender, and prior arithmetic ability, we found that mental rotation uniquely predicted arithmetic ability after one year. Further mediation analyses demonstrated that number line estimation significantly mediated the relationship between mental rotation and arithmetic ability. In contrast, neither working memory nor place-value concept significantly mediated the relationship between mental rotation and arithmetic ability. This study highlights that mental number line estimation is the most important element explaining the influence of a dynamic spatial skill, that is, mental rotation, on arithmetic ability among young Chinese children.     

儿童"零"概念形成的实验研究

该研究通过3项系统实验探讨了学前至小学低中年级儿童视野、掌握和应用“零”概念的发展水平。结果表明,学前至小学低中年级儿童对“零”概念的理解、应用“零”进行加减运算、乘除运算的能力都是不断提高的。但是。对于把“零”作为除数或被除数的理解要落后于将其作为乘数或被乘数使用的理解。最后,综合三项实验结果进行了总体讨论。     

语言和情境对具体概念感知运动仿真的影响

具体概念加工中的感知运动仿真是概念表征的核心加工过程。本研究系统探讨了语言因素(语言类型：第一语言和第二语言)和情境因素(知觉情境：空间知觉情境和语义知觉情境)对具体概念加工中感知运动仿真的影响。实验1采用语义相关判断范式探讨了第二语言加工过程中是否存在感知运动仿真, 以及第二语言中的仿真和第一语言中的仿真是否存在差异。研究发现, 第二语言加工中依然存在感知运动仿真, 但是第一语言的感知运动仿真具有一定的优势。实验2采用语义相关判断范式及其变式, 通过2个分实验分别探讨了个体加工概念时空间知觉信息和语义知觉信息对于概念表征过程中感知运动仿真的影响。研究发现, 无论是在较弱的空间信息知觉条件下还是在较浅的语义信息知觉条件下, 具体概念加工过程中都产生了感知运动仿真。本研究的发现弥补了知觉符号理论未对第二语言中的感知运动仿真提出针对性预测的不足, 表明感知运动仿真具有一定的跨语言稳定性。同时, 具体概念加工中的感知运动仿真不受空间信息和语义信息的调节, 这表明感知运动仿真能在一定程度上自动化产生。