社会支持对慢性病患者身心健康的影响

慢性疾病已经成为威胁现代人健康的头号问题.社会支持作为影响人们身心健康的重要因素,在减轻疾病压力、帮助人们应对压力以及减少心理不适、增进身体健康等方面发挥着重要的作用.从社会网络理论的视角,考察社会支持对慢性病患者身心健康的影响,提出相应的社会支持对策.     

住院医师规范化培训中医学人文教育的思考

我国目前开展的住院医师规范化培训应该注重在提升住院医师临床技能为主旨的基础上, 更多地融入医学人文知识的讲授, 在住院医师规范化培训中要有计划、按步骤地开展医学人文技能培训, 进一步加强住院医师医学人文精神的培养和熏陶。通过住院医师规范化培训阶段的医学人文知识、技能的学习和培训, 引导住院医师进行正确的职业定位, 树立优良的医德医风, 尊重、敬畏患者生命和关怀患者的医学人文精神, 促进医患沟通, 进一步构建和谐医患关系。     

敬畏生命 挚爱医学——《医学在走向何处》述评

《医学在走向何处》从医学哲学的高度对当代中国医学的成就、特征、内在矛盾、医学实践中一系列重大问题等予以中肯分析和理性审视;对医学某些背离医学人文本质的现象予以彻底的揭露和科学质疑;对医学发展中的种种危险的倾向进行了深刻的哲学反思和批判,为中国医学的健康发展提出了符合医学发展规律的建言和对策。《医学在走向何处》集中而又全面地揭示了制约现代医学发展整体的、普遍的、内在的、本质的一般问题和规律,提供了把握医学发展的认识平台和思维方法。     

我国医学人文教育的价值取向

基于价值哲学范畴的价值取向概念,探讨我国医学人文教育的实践目标。紧密结合临床医学专业教学实践和临床医学人文教学实践,从解析现代医学目的、塑造医学人文品格、构建和谐医患关系三个维度,论证医学人文教育与医学专业教育的融合点,认识医学活动主体、客体的特征及其相互关系,拓宽医学教育实践的内涵与外延,建构医学教育主体、客体和医疗实践主体、客体的同轴目标,增加医学行为主体的软实力提升路径,化除医患关系不和谐的医方瑕疵。     

The Origins of Life: What One Needs to Know

Many solar systems in the universe may be expected to contain rocky planets that have accreted organic compounds. These compounds are likely to be universally found. In addition, the chemistry of sulfur, phosphorus, and iron is likely to dominate energy transductions and monomer activation, leading to the eventual emergence of polymers. Proteins and polynucleotides provide living matter with function, structure, and information. The conceptual puzzle regarding their emergence is discussed. The fitness of various elements to serve various roles is analyzed from the viewpoint of electron orbitals. Elements with d orbitals are of central importance.     

现代临床治疗中如何理解“医者仁心”？

作为具有中国文化特色的一项医学伦理原则,“医者仁心”在现代医学实践中得到普遍提倡。在现代临床治疗中理解“医者仁心”,需要将其本义置于现代学术语境中加以解读,揭示其现代意义和实际价值。现代临床治疗中的“医者仁心”体现为“用心关爱”“用心思考”“用心体验”三重境界,其面临的挑战主要来自临床治疗中检测的“物化”倾向、经济利益驱动、过度的工具理性和医患之间信息不对称。培育现代临床治疗中的“医者仁心”需要通过医学人文教育、继续教育、制度激励和营造相应的舆论氛围,造就新时代的“大医精诚”。

     

Bayesian inferences about the self (and others): A review

Viewing the brain as an organ of approximate Bayesian inference can help us understand how it represents the self. We suggest that inferred representations of the self have a normative function: to predict and optimise the likely outcomes of social interactions. Technically, we cast this predict-and-optimise as maximising the chance of favourable outcomes through active inference. Here the utility of outcomes can be conceptualised as prior beliefs about final states. Actions based on interpersonal representations can therefore be understood as minimising surprise – under the prior belief that one will end up in states with high utility. Interpersonal representations thus serve to render interactions more predictable, while the affective valence of interpersonal inference renders self-perception evaluative. Distortions of self-representation contribute to major psychiatric disorders such as depression, personality disorder and paranoia. The approach we review may therefore operationalise the study of interpersonal representations in pathological states.     

Response to ‘Transgender medicalization and the attempt to evade psychological distress’ (Withers 2020) and to Herdzik’s (2021) response to Withers

Psyche is non-binary and multiple and clinical work in the analytic container must be held in the fluidity of multiplicity. Analysts are called to bring Queer energy to analytical attitude. Queer energy is intrinsically non-conforming and desires to confront a priori concepts in service to the unfolding of the Self. A Queer analytic attitude seeks to blur narrative, deconstruct language and listen deeply for what is emergent in the field. Queer energy is also deeply activating and often results in polarizations of attitude and a failure to hold what is emergent. This response to Withers (2020) and to (Herdzik 2021) is an invitation for all of us to engage our activated complexes around work with transgender issues and the fluidity of the Queer experience. The multiplicity of the Self seeks to be known through analytic process. Consciously held authentic experience of what is emergent and thus unknown is at the core of this process. An analysis capable of holding Queer energy offers a theatre for the exploration of gender identity and its expression.     

EXTENDING THE GLOBAL ACADEMIC TABLE: AN INTRODUCTION

Before commenting on the papers from a recent interdisciplinary gathering of scholars from China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, a case is made for regional academia conversations today, because international conferences, especially in the humanities and social sciences, are still dominated by “Western” traditions, discourse, and protocols. After touching on the relative stability or variability of phenomena and procedures in the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, political and cultural questions are considered along with some of the ongoing consequences of the East Asian adoption of the European model of the modern research university.     

Healing Without Waging War: Beyond Military Metaphors in Medicine and HIV Cure Research

Military metaphors are pervasive in biomedicine, including HIV research. Rooted in the mind set that regards pathogens as enemies to be defeated, terms such as “shock and kill” have become widely accepted idioms within HIV cure research. Such language and symbolism must be critically examined as they may be especially problematic when used to express scientific ideas within emerging health-related fields. In this article, philosophical analysis and an interdisciplinary literature review utilizing key texts from sociology, anthropology, history, and Chinese and African studies were conducted to investigate the current proliferation of military metaphors. We found the use of these metaphors to be ironic, unfortunate, and unnecessary. To overcome military metaphors we propose to (1) give them less aggressive meanings, and/or (2) replace them with more peaceful metaphors. Building on previous authors' work, we argue for the increased use of “journey” (and related) metaphors as meaningful, cross-culturally appropriate alternatives to military metaphors.