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181.
Social comparison has been shown to contribute to the negative attitudes that most Western women have towards their bodies. However, minimal research has addressed the relationship between social comparison and body appreciation, which entails holding favourable opinions towards the body, accepting the body along with its deviations from societal beauty ideals, respecting the body by engaging in healthy behaviours, and protecting the body by rejecting unrealistic media appearance ideals. This study tested whether feeling loved and accepted by God would weaken the inverse relationship between social comparison and body appreciation among a sample of 186 female undergraduates. Results showed that frequent body-related comparisons were related to lower body appreciation, but this relationship was conditional upon the quality of women's perceived relationship with God. Results suggest that future research should explore interventions designed to create improved secure attachment relationships between clients and God. 相似文献
182.
情绪的动机维度模型认为, 积极情绪对认知加工的影响受其趋近动机强度的调节, 高、低趋近动机积极情绪对认知加工的影响不同。本研究运用情绪图片诱发被试高、低趋近动机积极情绪, 采用停止信号任务和任务转换作业考察了不同趋近动机强度积极情绪对认知控制的影响。结果发现:(1)与中性条件相比, 高趋近动机积极情绪促进了停止信号任务中Go任务和任务转换作业中重复任务的反应执行。(2)在停止信号任务中, 相对于中性条件, 低趋近动机积极情绪条件下的停止信号反应时显著缩短; 在任务转换作业中, 低趋近动机积极情绪条件下的反应时转换损失和错误率转换损失均显著降低, 而高趋近动机积极情绪条件下的反应时转换损失显著增加。因此, 积极情绪对认知控制的影响受其趋近动机强度的调节, 即低趋近动机积极情绪增强认知灵活性, 提高停止反应与任务转换的速度; 而高趋近动机积极情绪增强认知稳定性, 加快停止信号任务中Go任务和任务转换作业中重复任务的反应执行, 增加了反应时转换损失。 相似文献
183.
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185.
Research has shown that noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) can be an effective behavior-reduction procedure when based on a functional analysis. The effects of NCR may be a result of elimination of the contingency between aberrant behavior and reinforcing consequences (extinction) or frequent and free access to reinforcers that may reduce the participant's motivation to engage in aberrant behaviors or mands. If motivation is momentarily reduced, behavior such as mands may not be sensitive to positive reinforcement. In this study, for 3 children with aberrant behavior maintained by tangible positive reinforcement, differential-reinforcement-of-alternative-behavior schedules were superimposed on NCR schedules to determine if mands could be strengthened. Results for the participants indicated that NCR did not preclude reinforcement of mands. 相似文献
186.
This paper is concerned with the geometric properties of dissimilarity coefficients defined on finite sets and especially with their Euclidean nature. We present several particular transformations which preserve Euclideanarity and we complete, through the study of a one-parameter family, the current knowledge of the metric and Euclidean structure of coefficients based on binary data. These results are directly deduced from two theorems which prove the positive semi-definite status of some quadratic forms which play a large role in some definitions of dissimilarity commonly used.The authors wish to thank B. Fichet for his helpful suggestions, the associate Editor and an anonymous reviewer for comments and highly constructive criticisms on earlier drafts of the paper. 相似文献
187.
Mary Elizabeth Rauktis Gary F. Koeske Olga Tereshko 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(2):279-299
Investigated both positive and negative social interactions and their effect on mental health for 106 individuals caring for
a seriously mentally ill family member. Results from mixed-model (hierarchial and stepwise) multiple regression analyses in
which caregiver age, socioeconomic status, caregiving demand, and severity of patient symptoms was controlled showed that
negative social interaction accounted for a significant portion of variance in the caregivers' feelings of distress and depression.
Moderated multiple regression analyses showed that under conditions of high negative interaction, the relationship between
demand and distress was intensified. Implications of these findings for the conceptualization and measurement of negative
social interaction as well as its clinical implications were discussed.
The research for this paper was supported by funds from the Provost's office, University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work.
The authors thank the Pennsylvania Alliance for the Mentally Ill for their support of, and participation in, the study. 相似文献
188.
正负性情绪的自主生理反应实验研究 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
随机抽取24名大学生(男女各半)观看了两段内容不同的录像片段,对观看录像时的主观体验和心率(HR)、指端脉搏容积(FPV)的变化情况做了研究。结果表明:①实验选用的两段录像分别诱发出了正性和负性情绪.②不同情绪下的自主生理反应是不同的。正性情绪下,HR变化不显著,FPV显著下降;负性情绪下,HR显著增加,FPV显著下降。③不同情绪下的生理反应恢复速度没有差异,但不同生理指标的恢复速度有差异,HR的恢复速度比FPV的快.④正性情绪下,HR和FPV之间的相关很低;负情情绪下。两种生理指标之间里显著的负相关.⑤性别只对生理指标的基础值有影响。 相似文献
189.
大学生SCL-90测试结果的研究 总被引:89,自引:1,他引:88
采用SCL-90临床症状自评量表,对随机抽取的安徽大学1-4年级200名学生进行测试,结果表明:大学生心理健康总体水平低于全国成人常模;生源于城市和农村的大学生相比,总体差异不显著;生源于应届高中毕业生和历届高中毕业的大学生相比,在恐怖和精神病性两因子上,前者的均分显著高于后者;男女大学生相比,女大学生在抑郁和恐怖两个因子上的均分显著高于男大学生。 相似文献
190.
Cathleen C. Piazza Wayne W. Fisher Gregory P. Hanley Matthew L. Remick Stephanie A. Contrucci Tammera L. Aitken 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(2):279-298
We identified 3 clients whose destructive behavior was sensitive to negative reinforcement (break from tasks) and positive reinforcement (access to tangible items, attention, or both). In an instructional context, we then evaluated the effects of reinforcing compliance with one, two, or all of these consequences (a break, tangible items, attention) when destructive behavior produced a break and when it did not (escape extinction). For 2 clients, destructive behavior decreased and compliance increased when compliance produced access to tangible items, even though destructive behavior resulted in a break. For 1 client, extinction was necessary to reduce destructive behavior and to increase compliance. Subsequently, when the schedule of reinforcement for compliance was faded for all clients, destructive behavior was lower and fading proceeded more rapidly when compliance produced multiple functional reinforcers (i.e., a break plus tangible items or attention) and destructive behavior was on extinction. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of relative reinforcement value and extinction on concurrent operants. 相似文献