Emotional Intelligence and Creativity: The Mediating Role of Generosity and Vigor

This study examines whether and why emotional intelligence may result in enhanced creativity in the workplace. Using a time‐lagged data set collected from employees in three firms, we examined a mediation model where emotional intelligence is indirectly related to creativity serially, through generosity and vigor. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate a sequential mediation model where emotionally intelligent employees display a high level of generosity; these acts of generosity nurture a sense of vigor, which in turn fosters creative behaviors. We discuss the implications for research on emotional intelligence, generosity, vigor, and creativity.     

Is burnout solely job‐related? A critical comment

Within the field‐dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout, burnout is viewed as a work‐specific condition. As a consequence, the burnout syndrome cannot be investigated outside of the occupational domain. In the present paper, this restrictive view of burnout's scope is criticized and a rationale to decide between a work‐specific and a generic approach to burnout is presented. First, the idea that a multidimensional conception of burnout implies a work‐restricted scope is deconstructed. Second, it is shown that the burnout phenomenon cannot be confined to work because chronic, unresolvable stress – the putative cause of burnout – is not limited to work. In support of an integrative view of health, it is concluded that the field‐dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout should abandon as groundless the idea that burnout is a specifically job‐related phenomenon and define burnout as a multi‐domain syndrome. The shift from a work‐specific to a generic approach would allow both finer analysis and wider synthesis in research on chronic stress and burnout.     

Effects of an early intervention on maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms and the quality of mother–infant interaction: The case of preterm birth

Preterm birth may represent a traumatic situation for both parents and a stressful situation for the infant, potentially leading to difficulties in mother–infant relationships. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an early intervention on maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms, and on the quality of mother–infant interactions, in a sample of very preterm infants and their mothers. Half of the very preterm infants involved in the study (n = 26) were randomly assigned to a 3-step early intervention program (at 33 and 42 weeks after conception and at 4 months’ corrected age). Both groups of preterm infants (with and without intervention) were compared to a group of full-term infants. The impact of the intervention on maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms was assessed 42 weeks after conception and when the infants were 4 and 12 months of age. The impact of the intervention on the quality of mother–infant interactions was assessed when the infants were 4 months old. Results showed a lowering of mothers’ posttraumatic stress symptoms between 42 weeks and 12 months in the group of preterm infants who received the intervention. Moreover, an enhancement in maternal sensitivity and infant cooperation during interactions was found at 4 months in the group with intervention. In the case of a preterm birth, an early intervention aimed at enhancing the quality of the mother–infant relationship can help to alleviate maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms and may have a positive impact on the quality of mother–infant interactions.     

Linking challenge and hindrance stress to safety performance: The moderating effect of core self-evaluation

The buffering effect of core self-evaluation (CSE) in stress research has received academic attention. However, most research in this area focused on its moderating effect on well-being. In the present study, we take a closer look at the moderating role of CSE in the relationship between challenge/hindrance stress and safety performance. Results indicated that challenge and hindrance stress were both negatively related to safety performance. More importantly, CSE acted as a buffer in the negative relationships between challenge stress and safety compliance and between hindrance stress and safety participation. Contrary to our prediction, the negative relationship between hindrance stress and safety participation was stronger for people higher on CSE. Based on our findings, we discuss the theoretical implications for personality and safety research.     

Reciprocal Associations between Parenting Challenges and Parents' Personality Development in Young and Middle Adulthood

Having children affects many aspects of people's lives. However, it remains unclear to what degree the challenges that come along with having children are associated with parents' personality development. We addressed this question in two studies by investigating the relationship between parenting challenges and personality development in mothers of newborns (Study 1, N = 556) and the reciprocal associations between (mastering) parenting challenges and personality development in parents of adolescents (Study 2, N = 548 mothers and 460 fathers). In Study 1, we found the stress of having a newborn baby to be associated with declines in maternal Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability. Parenting challenges were also related to personality development in parents of adolescent children in Study 2, with parent–child conflict being reciprocally associated with decreases in Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability. Mastering parenting challenges in the form of high parenting self‐efficacy, on the other hand, was found to be associated with increases in Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability, and vice versa. In sum, our results suggest that mastering the challenges associated with the social role of parenthood is one of the mechanisms underlying personality development in young and middle adulthood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

术前右美托咪定滴鼻对全麻诱导期的影响

观察新型α2肾上腺素受体激动剂右美托咪定(Dex)对全麻诱导期NTI及应激反应的影响.择期全麻手术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,D组(n=20):患者入室后Dex1μg/kg滴鼻;C组(n=20)作为对照组,滴入相同容积的生理盐水.30min后进行诱导,观察NTI、改良清醒镇静评分(MOAA/S)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2),记录给药前(T0),给药后10min(T1),给药后20min(T2),给药后30min(T3),插管前(T4),插管即刻(T5)各项值变化.D组T1～T3与T0比较,NTI值、MOAA/S逐渐降低(P＜0.05)且显著低于C组(P＜0.05);D组T2、T3与T0比较,HR明显减慢(P＜0.05);麻醉诱导期间,C组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR均显著升高(P＜0.05),D组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR虽有所升高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Dex以1μg/kg滴鼻可明显镇静,使NTI值降低,诱导期血流动力学更加稳定,减少插管时应激反应.     

失眠症患者压力应对特征的调查分析及对临床干预的启示

本研究对失眠症患者的压力应对特征进行调查与分析。按照CCMD-3诊断标准,试验组失眠患者52例,在社区分层抽样52人作为对照组,用匹茨堡睡眠指数量表、防御方式问卷、应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表进行测量。试验组不成熟型防御方式明显高于对照组,成熟型防御方式低于对照组;应对方式试验组以消极应对为主;试验组社会支持总体高于对照组,其中客观支持较高而主观支持和社会支持利用度较低。这些因素共同作用形成了失眠症迁延不愈的主要病理心理机制。心理治疗中要运用恰当的心理治疗方法,引导患者用成熟的、积极的应对方式应对各种压力源。     

这一次沃森的“猜想”对吗？——糖尿病是一种氧化还原性疾病

2型糖尿病发病机制的氧化应激学说被广泛地接受,可是大量的证据表明,服用抗氧化剂并不能增加胰岛素的敏感性,相反,体育锻炼能够增加氧化应激,却是治疗糖尿病的首选方案。分子机制的研究也表明,细胞内氧化应激不足时,会导致内质网无法合成二硫键,导致胰岛素生成不足。由此沃森推测,糖尿病是由于氧化应激不足所致。同理,氧化应激不足可能也是阿尔茨海默病、肿瘤等疾病的发病机制之一。沃森的呼声让现在普遍认为氧化应激有害理论的人们开始重新审视氧化应激在机体中的有益作用。     

术前右美托咪定滴鼻对全麻诱导期的影响

观察新型α2肾上腺素受体激动剂右美托咪定（Dex）对全麻诱导期NTI及应激反应的影响.择期全麻手术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,D组（n=20）：患者入室后Dex1μg/kg滴鼻;C组（n=20）作为对照组,滴入相同容积的生理盐水.30min后进行诱导,观察NTI、改良清醒镇静评分（MOAA/S）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）,记录给药前（T0）,给药后10min（T1）,给药后20min（T2）,给药后30min（T3）,插管前（T4）,插管即刻（T5）各项值变化.D组T1～T3与T0比较,NTI值、MOAA/S逐渐降低（P＜0.05）且显著低于C组（P＜0.05）;D组T2、T3与T0比较,HR明显减慢（P＜0.05）;麻醉诱导期间,C组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR均显著升高（P＜0.05）,D组T5与T4比较,MAP、HR虽有所升高,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.Dex以1μg/kg滴鼻可明显镇静,使NTI值降低,诱导期血流动力学更加稳定,减少插管时应激反应.     

Fireman's job stress: Integrating work/non-work conflict with Job Demand-Control-Support model

IntroductionHeavy working load and uncontrollable schedule often lead firemen to face to conflict between work and non-work life.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the mediating role of work/non-work conflict between firemen's job stress and job demand, job control, job support and family support.MethodQuestionnaire survey was used for data collection. Four hundred and twenty-two firemen returned completed questionnaires. Structure equation modelling was employed for data analysis.ResultsWork/leisure conflict (WLC) and work/family conflict (WFC) mediate partially the relationship between job demand and job control, job support and job stress. The relationship between family support and job stress is fully mediated by WLC and WFC.ConclusionWFC and WLC are integrated into Job Demand-Control-Support model model in current research to narrow the gap of job stress theory.