负性情绪背景和延迟对时间性前瞻记忆的影响

采用2（情绪效价：负性、中性）×2（延迟设置：无延迟、有延迟）的实验设计,探究负性情绪对时间性前瞻记忆的干扰效应。结果显示在无延迟条件下,负性情绪组的前瞻记忆成绩差于中性情绪组,负性情绪组的总时间监控次数和监控后期的时间监控次数均少于中性情绪组;在有延迟条件下,负性情绪组的前瞻记忆成绩和监控后期的时间监控次数与中性情绪组均无差异。结果说明负性情绪会干扰时间性前瞻记忆,而延迟可以消除这种干扰效应。     

自动情绪调节对负性情绪面孔注意偏向的影响

本研究通过成语匹配任务启动情绪调节目标,在情绪flanker任务中考察了自动情绪调节启动对注意偏向的影响。结果表明,中性启动条件下,被试表现出对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向,而情绪调节启动条件下,被试对正性、负性情绪面孔的注意分配不存在显著差异。这一结果说明自动情绪调节可以有效地减弱被试的负性情绪面孔注意偏向。     

The relationship between beliefs about emotions and quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome

Suppression of undesirable emotions, as well as beliefs about the unacceptability of experiencing and expressing emotions, have both been shown to be related to poorer health-related outcomes in several clinical groups. Potential models through which these variables relate have yet to be tested in those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and are therefore examined in the current article. Online questionnaires were administered to people with IBS (n = 84) to test a mediation model in which beliefs about the unacceptability of emotions are associated with greater emotional suppression, which in turn relates to increased affective distress and consequently poorer quality of life. An alternate model to test the direction of effect along with two further models using support-seeking as mediators of the same predictor and outcome were also tested. Emotional suppression and affective distress (in that particular order) mediate the relationship between beliefs about emotions and quality of life IBS. The models using support-seeking as mediators of the relationship between beliefs about emotions and the two outcomes were not supported. These findings suggest a role for emotional processing in medically unexplained symptoms and imply the need to address such beliefs about emotions in psychological therapies.     

Does impaired socioemotional functioning account for behavioral dysexecutive disorders? Evidence from a transnosological study

Behavioral dysexecutive disorders are highly prevalent in patients with neurological diseases but cannot be explained by cognitive dysexecutive impairments. In fact, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Given that socioemotional functioning underlies appropriate behavior, socioemotional impairments may contribute to the appearance of behavioral disorders. To investigate this issue, we performed a transnosological study.

Seventy-five patients suffering from various neurological diseases (Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and stroke) were included in the study. The patients were comprehensively assessed in terms of cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive disorders and socioemotional processes (facial emotion recognition and theory of mind). As was seen for cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive impairments, the prevalence of socioemotional impairments varied according to the diagnosis. Stepwise logistic regressions showed that (i) only cognitive executive indices predicted hypoactivity with apathy/abulia, (ii) theory of mind impairments predicted hyperactivity–distractibility–impulsivity and stereotyped/perseverative behaviors, and (iii) impaired facial emotion recognition predicted social behavior disorders. Several dysexecutive behavioral disorders are associated with an underlying impairment in socioemotional processes but not with cognitive indices of executive functioning (except for apathy). These results strongly suggest that some dysexecutive behavioral disorders are the outward signs of an underlying impairment in socioemotional processes.     

Alexithymia Predicts Posttraumatic Growth and Distress After Trauma

The present study sought to investigate how alexithymia (a deficit in identifying and describing emotions) may hinder the development of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and contribute to ongoing distress. Participants were 250 undergraduate college students who had experienced a highly stressful event in the past six months. Regression analyses were conducted to examine how alexithymia contributes to PTG and distress in addition to other known predictors. Analyses revealed that alexithymia was a significant negative predictor of PTG, and a significant positive predictor of distress. It was also found that Difficulty in Identifying Feelings was the alexithymia component that best predicted PTG and distress.     

对条件化恐惧反应的抑制效应:指导性与习惯性情绪调节的作用

为了考察实验室指导性与个体习惯性情绪调控策略对恐惧反应的影响,先使用问卷调查了81名大学生的习惯性重评与抑制水平,随后将被试分为两组,指导其在条件化恐惧习得过程中进行主动的情绪调节或自然观看,24h后进行恐惧的表达测试。结果发现,习惯性抑制水平与恐惧习得及表达水平呈显著负相关,且指导性情绪调节与习惯性抑制均显著降低了恐惧习得及表达水平。这提示指导性与习惯性情绪调节策略均能够削弱应激的伤害以保护个体。     

喜极而泣——积极情绪的二态表达

积极情绪的二态表达(the dimorphous expressions of positive emotion;DEPE),指当个体处于强烈的积极体验时,这种积极体验不仅诱发了与之相对应的积极表达,而且伴随着消极的外显表现,喜极而泣便是其中的典型。DEPE蕴含了一般情绪现象产生的基本过程,但又和其他情绪现象(如,"悲喜交加"和"乐极生悲")具有本质性区别。未来研究可以运用各类新近技术,进一步细化和完善其理论模型,从不同视角考察影响DEPE产生的因素,并探讨DEPE中消极表达在人际间所起到的功能及其机制。     

心理授权对农村小学校长工作工作满意度的影响：职业认同的中介作用与情绪智力的调节作用

基于授权认知模型、社会认同理论等理论考察了心理授权对农村小学校长工作满意度的影响以及职业认同的中介效应和情绪智力的调节效应。采用心理授权量表、职业认同量表、情绪智力量表与工作满意度量表对随机抽取的269名农村小学校长进行调查。结果显示：（1）心理授权、职业认同、情绪智力与工作满意度这四个变量均两两正相关;（2）心理授权、职业认同会正向预测农村小学校长工作满意度,心理授权会正向预测职业认同;（3）职业认同在心理授权与工作满意度之间起中介作用;（4）情绪智力调节了职业认同对农村小学校长工作满意度的影响。因此,心理授权对农村小学校长工作满意度的影响是一个有调节的中介效应。     

负性情绪对选择性注意抑制的影响及其调节——基于女大学生黄体期的研究

采用空间提示任务,研究经期不同时段女大学生负性情绪对选择性注意抑制的影响及有效的情绪调节策略。实验1选取黄体中后期与月经期女大学生各32名,使用视频材料诱发中性和负性情绪,结果发现黄体中后期被试选择性注意抑制能力显著低于月经期;实验2选取104名黄体中后期的女大学生,负性情绪诱发后分组采用沉思、分心与人际策略进行调节,结果表明三种策略均降低了个体负性情绪,提高了选择性注意抑制成绩。研究结论如下:黄体中后期女性更受负性情绪影响,注意抑制能力下降,但有效的调节策略可改善其负性情绪并提高注意抑制能力。