情绪的ERP相关成分与心境障碍的ERP变化

技术是研究情绪问题的有力手段。实验对象包括正常被试以及心境障碍的病人。可从视觉或/和听觉通道给予情绪刺激材料,观测N2、P3和N400等成分的变化。研究发现,情绪可增强被试对情绪事件的注意强度,尤其是新异的情绪内容较易得到识别。在正常被试中,情绪词相较中性词能引起较大的新旧效应,抑郁症患者的新旧效应与正常人有所不同,但其再认成绩也能被情绪内容提高。在研究情绪对决策行为的影响时,观测到内侧额叶负波（MFN）。ERP研究表明,情绪活动也存在大脑功能偏侧化问题。     

企业员工组织社会化内容的结构维度

采用自行研制的组织社会化内容问卷,通过对全国14个城市854名员工进行问卷调查,对企业员工组织社会化内容结构维度进行了探讨。探索性因素分析（N=472）表明,我国企业员工组织社会化内容由组织文化、工作胜任、人际关系和组织政治4个维度构成。四因素模型在验证性因素分析(N=382)中得到了较好地验证。文章最后对组织社会化内容结构的含义、与已有西方研究成果的异同以及不同人口/组织学变量的员工组织社会化内容的差异进行了分析与讨论     

无意识目标：激活与追求

目标自动激活模型认为,目标是行为满意状态或结果在个体头脑中的表征,它能够通过相关情境自动激活。无意识目标的激活方式有语义激活、工具激活和人际激活。无意识目标追求与有意识目标追求在目标实现、目标投射和动机特征方面相似,但其行为产生机制有所不同。未来研究应该对无意识目标的机制及其具体应用进行深入的探讨     

情绪音乐影像库的初步编制与评定

音乐表演影像材料的情绪诱发功能有音乐和影像的共同优势,但目前缺乏以音乐表演为内容的情绪音乐影像库。试图建立可供相关研究使用的情绪音乐影像系统。根据前期研究使用过的材料、相关研究结果及音乐专业人士的建议,收集分别表达愤怒、恐惧、悲伤和开心的音乐,包括歌剧、交响乐、民乐等,剪辑为30秒左右的片段,非音乐专业被试对材料的情绪类型和强度进行评定,最终筛选出能有效诱发目标情绪的64条音乐影像材料。未来可在测量指标的客观性和审美性及被试和音乐材料的样本量两方面改进。     

自我关注重评和情境关注重评情绪调节策略及对随后认知控制的影响

认知重评作为高度适应性的情绪调节策略,是否消耗随后任务所需的认知资源仍存在争议。以往研究把重评作为单一策略研究,并未区分重评亚型对这一问题进行探索。本研究采用情绪调节与认知控制结合的任务,考察自我关注和情境关注两种重评亚型调节情绪的效果,以及对随后认知控制的影响是否存在差异。结果发现两种重评策略都能有效调节情绪,但调节效果存在差异。从行为角度看,与中性刺激相比,负性刺激会引发更高的负性情绪水平,对随后冲突任务的认知控制能力更差。进一步从神经机制水平来看,增加负性情绪可能会进一步消耗随后任务可用的认知资源,与自我关注重评相比,采用情境关注重评降低负性情绪后,对随后冲突任务的认知控制能力更强。说明两种重评亚型并不同质,不仅在调节情绪的效果上存在差异,而且会引发不同的认知控制后果;同时,负性情绪水平越高,认知控制能力可能会越差。     

Presidential Character Revisited

This study attempts to bring a fresh perspective to the study of presidential personality. Critics of the personality approach doubt that personality really has much impact on presidential leadership, and they question whether the approach will contribute to the development of a presidential leadership theory. Critics also see problems with the conceptualization of personality variables in particular studies, such as James David Barber's much-praised, much-maligned The Presidential Character . The study proposes the use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to analyze the relationship between presidential personality and presidential leadership. Administered to about 1.7 million people annually by psychologists, career counselors, and business managers, the MBTI makes possible the classification of each president as one of 16 personality types, and it offers predictions about many characteristics of leadership style for each type. The study concludes with an extensive MBTI analysis of President Clinton's leadership style.     

Moral Outrage: Territoriality in Human Guise

Moral outrage is a response to the behavior of others, never one's own. It is a response to infringements or transgressions on what people perceive to be the immunities they, or others with whom they identify, can expect on the basis of their rights and privileges and what they understand to be their reasonable expectations regarding the behavior of others. A person's culturally defined social identities and the rights and privileges that go with them in relationships to which those identities can be party make up the contents of that person's social persona and also constitute that person's social territory. Infringements of rights and privileges in the social and symbolic worlds in which humans live are the equivalent of encroachments on territory among animals, and moral outrage can be understood as the human expression of what we perceive as territorial behavior in animals. As emotion, outrage is affected by such clinical processes as displacement, rationalization, projection, and reaction formation. Outrage has an essential role in the maintenance of viable social groups, but it also exacerbates conflict among people who perceive one another as "others."