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761.
Martel MM Pierce L Nigg JT Jester JM Adams K Puttler LI Buu A Fitzgerald H Zucker RA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):363-373
Temperament traits may increase risk for developmental psychopathology like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
and disruptive behaviors during childhood, as well as predisposing to substance abuse during adolescence. In the current study,
a cascade model of trait pathways to adolescent substance abuse was examined. Component hypotheses were that (a) maladaptive
traits would increase risk for inattention/hyperactivity, (b) inattention/hyperactivity would increase risk for disruptive
behaviors, and (c) disruptive behaviors would lead to adolescent substance abuse. Participants were 674 children (486 boys)
from 321 families in an ongoing, longitudinal high risk study that began when children were 3 years old. Temperament traits
assessed were reactive control, resiliency, and negative emotionality, using examiner ratings on the California Q-Sort. Parent,
teacher, and self ratings of inattention/hyperactivity, disruptive behaviors, and substance abuse were also obtained. Low
levels of childhood reactive control, but not resiliency or negative emotionality, were associated with adolescent substance
abuse, mediated by disruptive behaviors. Using a cascade model, family risk for substance abuse was partially mediated by
reactive control, inattention/hyperactivity, and disruptive behavior. Some, but not all, temperament traits in childhood were
related to adolescent substance abuse; these effects were mediated via inattentive/hyperactive and disruptive behaviors.
This work was supported by NIAAA grant R01-AA12217 to Robert Zucker and Joel Nigg, NIAAA grant R37-AA07065 to Robert Zucker
and Hiram Fitzgerald, and NIMH grant R01-MH59105 to Joel Nigg. Martel was supported by 1 F31 MH075533-01A2. The authors thank
the participants and Susan Refior, the long term MLS Field Director, whose steadfast commitment and support have made this
study possible. 相似文献
762.
Considerable research has demonstrated that substance use and delinquency during early adolescence can have long-term negative health consequences. As the correlates of these behaviors cross levels and contexts, it is likely that a social ecological approach will provide insight to inform community prevention. This approach informs the present study, which focuses on developing a multiple-method measurement strategy to examine associations among community risks, resources, and rates of early adolescent substance use and delinquency in 28 rural and small town communities. Measures include five domains of community risk, four domains of community resources, and population rates of early adolescent substance use and delinquency. Results demonstrated that several measures of context were significantly associated with community rates of adolescent substance use and delinquency, and different risks and resources appear important for different outcomes. Multiple associations were curvilinear, and interactions may also be important. Findings suggest that it may be worthwhile to create and test new intervention strategies that target community factors in the pursuit of prevention. 相似文献
763.
764.
Melissa K. Runyon Robert A. Steer Esther Deblinger 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):129-136
The Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (BYI-S; Beck et al. in Manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social
Impairment, 2001) was administered to 100 adolescents (12–17 years old) who experienced sexual abuse. An iterated principal-factor analysis
found that the BYI-S represented two highly correlated (r = .53) factors corresponding to the Self-Esteem and Competency dimensions that Steer, Kumar, Beck, and Beck (J Psychopathol Behav Assess 27:123–131, 2005) found with child psychiatric outpatients. Item analyses were used to derive two six-item subscales measuring Self-Esteem
and Competency that had coefficient αs > .80. The Self-Concept total and subscale scores were differentially correlated with various psychosocial characteristics
of the youth. Low Self-Esteem scores were associated with total number of posttraumatic symptoms and self-reported anger,
whereas low Competency scores were related to externalizing behavior problems. The BYI-S was discussed as being a useful instrument
for assessing the self-concepts of youth who have experienced sexual abuse. 相似文献
765.
Most existing research shows that outcomes after sexual abuse (i.e., behavioral, social, and psychological) are similar for men and women. The sexual abuse “victim to offender cycle” is one clear exception, in that it is reported with much greater frequency in men than in women. This comprehensive, critical review examines potential moderator variables of the sexual victim to offender cycle in sexually abused men. A conceptual model is presented, which integrates existing empirically-tested potential moderators of the victim to offender cycle into: (a) victim characteristics, (b) perpetrator characteristics, (c) abuse characteristics, (d) post-abuse factors, and (e) family factors. The literature preliminarily suggests that post-abuse masturbation, fantasy, and pleasure related to the abuse moderate the victim to offender cycle. Additionally, family factors, including parental loss, experiencing multiple forms of abuse, and family support moderate this outcome. Contrary to expectations, existing research does not indicate that the victim's relationship with the offender, perpetrator gender, victim's age at abuse onset, or penetration during abuse moderate the victim to offender cycle. 相似文献
766.
Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Glassman LH Weierich MR Hooley JM Deliberto TL Nock MK 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(10):2483-2490
We examined the relation between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants were 86 adolescents who completed measures of child maltreatment, self-criticism, perceived criticism, depression, and NSSI. Analyses revealed significant, small-to-medium associations between specific forms of child maltreatment (physical neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse) and the presence of a recent history of NSSI. Emotional and sexual abuse had the strongest relations with NSSI, and the data supported a theoretical model in which self-criticism mediates the relation between emotional abuse and engagement in NSSI. Specificity for the mediating role of self-criticism was demonstrated by ruling out alternative mediation models. Taken together, these results indicate that several different forms of childhood maltreatment are associated with NSSI and illuminate one mechanism through which maltreatment may be associated with NSSI. Future research is needed to test the temporal relation between maltreatment and NSSI and should aim to identify additional pathways to engagement in NSSI. 相似文献
767.
Hilary Abrahams 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2007,7(4):240-244
Research dealing with sensitive subjects, feelings and emotional wellbeing requires constant reflection and rebalancing in order to meet the needs of all the parties involved and to be ethical. This paper examines some of the issues involved in applying ethical guidance to the reality of fieldwork in a study of the personal and emotional support needs of women who have left an abusive relationship. It considers organisational ethics, the complexities of informed consent, the duty of care and the need for reciprocity, and argues that the key to ethical research lies in respect for the individual. 相似文献
768.
In a pilot study, the authors examined the outcome of group psychotherapy for the treatment of 19 adolescents, comorbid for substance abuse and psychiatric diagnoses, in terms of symptom reduction. They compared presenting symptomatology of treatment completers with treatment noncompleters. A retrospective study of the outcome of a multiple group psychotherapy treatment program using the Drug Use Screening Inventory-Revised Version (DUSI-R) to assess change over time was conducted. Depressive disorders were the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses (68%), and marijuana was the substance most commonly abused on a frequent basis. Treatment completers showed improvement in behavior problems, health status, and social competence. As part of an integrated treatment program, multiple group psychotherapy is a promising treatment modality for adolescent patients, comorbid for substance abuse and psychiatric diagnoses, pending further assessment of the complex issues involved in combined treatment. 相似文献
769.
This study examined family-of-origin (FO) characteristics of drug addicts and their spouses, who participated in an in-home drug treatment program. Discriminant analysis revealed a set of FO characteristics that differentiated between 25 men who remained drug-free for six months after detoxification and 25 men who suffered a relapse. This set of FO characteristics successfully predicted relapse 30 months later. Men who remained drug-free for the entire period maintained closer relationships with healthy than with unhealthy families, whereas those who relapsed maintained closer relationships with unhealthy families. Compared with those who relapsed, men who remained drug-free also maintained closer relationships with their spouses' families. The findings are discussed in terms of the family system's view of drug abuse, as well as their implications for family-based intervention. 相似文献
770.
Research and treatment for partner abuse and child abuse are relatively distinct enterprises, yet when the theoretical and research literatures related to these two forms of family violence are examined together, the likelihood of meaningful associations is strikingly apparent. Partner abuse and child abuse co-occur more often than one might expect by chance, and in the context of overlapping theories and risk factors, this suggests that a more integrated conceptualization might be fruitful. We summarize and provide a framework for describing the large number of similar predictors of partner and child abuse, identify some potentially interesting dyadic differences, comment on how our research methodologies could address an integrated area of family violence, and suggest some directions for future research and treatment. 相似文献