An analytic solution of initial boundary value problem for 3D quasicrystals in half space

In this article, initial boundary value problem for 3D quasicrystals in half space is considered. An analytic method is proposed for special form of initial conditions and nonhomogeneous term. It is explained that a weak solution of the problem can be constructed in the similar form of data by using symbolic calculations.     

Endings as gain: The capacity to end and its role in creating space for growth

The paper describes an application of child psychotherapy in a paediatric setting. It examines the crucial part that attention to endings played in a clinical intervention where the phantasy of going on for ever threatened to inhibit growth. Case material is used to illustrate the different meanings and functions of endings and their significance in terms of parenting issues and developmental tasks. In this context the concept of negative elasticity is put forward as a useful tool for exploring the nature of boundaries. The final part of the paper focuses on the value of the external-reality experience of ending, its relationship to potential professional omnipotence and the importance of sustaining a tension between inner- and outer-world factors.     

腰椎后路非融合技术进展

治疗下腰痛和腰椎管狭窄的的手术方法较多。传统的脊柱融合术被认为是治疗该种疾病的金标准。但越来越多的证据表明,融合后存在腰部活动的限制,脊柱动力学的改变,和邻近节段的加速退变,可导致腰椎不稳和椎管狭窄的复发。在此背景下,探索一种更符合生理需要的手术方法,即非融合技术开始受到大家的重视。本文主要介绍腰椎后路非融合的国内外进展。     

内蒙古喀喇沁旗农民合作医疗支付意愿与支付能力分析

目的 通过对内蒙古自治区喀喇沁旗三个乡290户农民的调查,分析影响农民支付意愿和支付能力的主要因素。方法 使用相关回归分析。结果 发现农民对合作医疗支付意愿的需求价格弹性系数为-0.68,支付意愿与支付能力相互制约,统计学上有意义的影响因素包括农村居民的收入水平和保险意识。结论 说明农民对合作医疗的需求价格弹性仍属于缺乏弹性类,仍然需要进一步提高农民对合作医疗的支付意愿和支付能力。     

Economic concepts for the analysis of behavior

A review of the relationship between schedule of reinforcement, response rate, and choice suggests that certain unifying concepts from economics can contribute to a more complete science of behavior. Four points are made: 1) a behavioral experiment is an economic system and its characteristics—open or closed—can strongly determine the results; 2) reinforcers can be distinguished by a functional property called elasticity; 3) reinforcers may interact as complements as well as substitutes; 4) no simple choice rule, such as strict matching, can account for all choice behavior.     

关于过度医疗的经济学分析与伦理

近年来,过度医疗问题引起医学伦理学界的普遍关注。过度医疗不仅是一个伦理问题,同时也是一种经济现象。过度医疗的经济学表现是医生诱导需求,直接成因是缺乏弹性的医疗需求,存在的市场环境是垄断竞争。遏止过度医疗需采取相应的伦理与经济对策。     

Clinical Flexibility in the Psychoanalytic Situation: The Elasticity Principle

Abstract

This paper explores the development of the Elasticity Principle, first introduced by Ferenczi based upon his clinical observations. This important shift away from classical neutrality was inspired by Ferenczi's human approach to psychoanalysis. Learning from his analysands, he not only determined that in order to reduce resistances the analyst should present any interpretations in a tactful, empathetic manner, but also that the analytic work should bend or yield toward the analysand. The paper traces the evolution of the Elasticity Principle to The Grand Experiment, which was Ferenczi's analysis of Elizabeth Severn utilizing provision as an analytic tool. The paper follows the contemporary extensions of the Elasticity Principle in the development of Self Psychology and in the Relational perspective. A clinical example illuminates aspects of the Elasticity Principle in the work with a difficult analysand.     

Interpretation(s) of elasticity in operant demand

This brief report provides an account of varying interpretations of elasticity (η ) in the operant demand framework. General references to “demand elasticity” have existed since the Exponential model of operant demand was proposed by Hursh and Silberberg (2008). This term has been used interchangeably with Essential Value (EV), P_MAX, and the rate of change constant α . This report provides an in-depth account of η and the various ways in which this metric has been used to interpret fitted demand functions. A review of relevant mathematic terms, operations associated with differentiating parameters, and worked solutions for η are provided for linear and nonlinear demand functions. The relations between η and EV, P_MAX, and α are described and explained in terms of their mathematical bases and recommendations are provided regarding their individual interpretation. This report concludes with recommendations for providing additional mathematical detail in published works and emphasizing a consistent use of terms when describing aspects of operant demand.     

Elasticity of sparsely cross-linked random fibre networks

The elastic modulus of two-dimensional random fibre networks is determined for structures in which, the degree of cross-linking is varied. The relationship between the network parameters – fibre axial and bending stiffness, fibre density and degree of cross-linking – and the overall elastic modulus is discussed and presented in terms of a master curve. It is shown that master curves for sparsely cross-linked networks with various degrees of cross-linking can be collapsed to a unique curve, which is also valid in case of fully cross-linked network.     

Frank–Read sources and the yield of anisotropic cubic crystals

Frank–Read sources are among the most important mechanisms of dislocation multiplication, and their operation signals the onset of yield in crystals. We show that the critical stress required to initiate dislocation production falls dramatically at high-elastic anisotropy, irrespective of the mean shear modulus. We hence predict the yield stress of crystals to fall dramatically as their anisotropy increases. This behaviour is consistent with the severe plastic softening observed in α-iron and ferritic steels as the α ? γ martensitic phase transition is approached, a temperature regime of crucial importance for structural steels designed for use in future nuclear applications.