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961.
WITHIN‐SUBJECT REVERSIBILITY OF DISCRIMINATIVE FUNCTION IN THE COMPOSITE‐STIMULUS CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR 下载免费PDF全文
Stanley J. Weiss David N. Kearns Maria Antoshina 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2009,92(3):367-377
According to the composite-stimulus control model (Weiss, 1969, 1972b), an individual discriminative stimulus (SD) is composed of that SD''s on-state plus the off-states of all other relevant SDs. The present experiment investigated the reversibility of composite-stimulus control. Separate groups of rats were trained to lever-press for food whenever a tone or a light SD was present. For one group, the nonreinforced SΔ condition was tone-and-light absence (+). Tone-plus-light (T+L) was SΔ in the other group. On a “stimulus compounding” test that recombined composite elements, maximum responding occurred to that composite consisting only of elements occasioning response increase. That was T+L for the group trained with + as SΔ and + for the group trained with T+L as SΔ. The SΔ composite was next reversed over groups in Phase 2. In Phase 2 tests, maximum responding that was comparable in magnitude to that of Phase 1 was again controlled by the composite consisting only of elements most recently occasioning response increase—whether T+L or +. The inhibitory conditioning history of both composite-elements currently occasioning responding did not weaken the summative effect. These results confirm and extend Weiss''s composite-stimulus control model, and demonstrate that such control is fully reversible. We discuss how translating conditions of the stimulus-compounding paradigm to a composite continuum creates a functional and logical connection to intradimensional control measured through stimulus generalization, reducing the number of different behavioral phenomena requiring unique explanations. 相似文献
962.
Peter M. Bentler 《Psychometrika》2009,74(1):137-143
As pointed out by Sijtsma (in press), coefficient alpha is inappropriate as a single summary of the internal consistency of a composite score. Better estimators
of internal consistency are available. In addition to those mentioned by Sijtsma, an old dimension-free coefficient and structural
equation model based coefficients are proposed to improve the routine reporting of psychometric internal consistency. The
various ways to measure internal consistency are also shown to be appropriate to binary and polytomous items.
Research supported in part by grants DA00017 and DA01070 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. This paper is based in
part on Bentler (2003). 相似文献
963.
该研究对大学生在观点采择和控制两种条件下,性别-职业刻板印象的内隐联想测验结果的对比进行实验。研究表明:观点采择策略的干预效果明显,刻板印象的内隐效应在明显地减弱;在性别-职业刻板印象上存在内隐效应,而且没有性别差异,无论在正常情况下还是受到观点采择策略的干预,男女被试均表现出同等的情形,说明内隐刻板印象具有一定的适应性,在内隐的和无意识的水平上观点采择无法完全消除刻板印象;实验证明研究设计的性别-职业刻板印象的IAT纸笔测验版本是可行的。 相似文献
964.
In Study 1 (N= 203) the factor structure of a Swedish translation of Pacini and Epstein's Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-40) was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis. The hypothesized model with rationality and experientiality as orthogonal factors had satisfactory fit to the data, significantly better than alternative models (with two correlated factors or a single factor). Inclusion of "ability" and "favorability" subscales for rationality and experientiality increased fit further. It was concluded that the structural validity of the REI is adequate. In Study 2 (N= 72) the REI-factors were shown to have theoretically meaningful correlations to other personality traits, indicating convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, scores on the rationality scale were negatively related to risky choice framing effects in Kahneman and Tversky's Asian disease task, indicating concurrent validity. On the basis of these findings it was concluded that the test has satisfactory psychometric properties. 相似文献
965.
对需行食管癌手术的418例患者行术前静态肺功能检查后,按第一秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比(FEV1%)分为两组:肺功能正常组(NPF)和低肺功能组(LPF)。NPF组直接手术治疗,LPF组补充登楼试验,选择部分患者经术前功能锻炼后手术治疗,观察两组的临床情况。静态肺功能测定结果较差而进行登楼试验筛选后的部分患者可以通过功能锻炼提高心肺功能储备,从而能够接受手术治疗。 相似文献
966.
采用自由分类和标签分类法,以16道中学物理力学应用题为实验材料,探讨不同学业水平中学生对物理问题的分类及表征差异,以及题目陈述方式(有无示意图)对分类的影响.结果发现: (1)自由分类实验中,学优生侧重于按问题的深层特征(物理原理表征)进行分类,学困生侧重于问题的表面特征(文字表征);题目陈述方式对优困生的分类时间和分类表征也有影响. (2)标签分类实验中,学优生的正确分类题目数量显著高于学困生,有示意图下学优生的正确分类题目数量显著高于无示意图下. 相似文献
967.
Jussi Suikkanen 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):141-150
Rule-consequentialists tend to argue for their normative theory by claiming that their view matches our moral convictions just as well as a pluralist set of Rossian duties. As an additional advantage, rule-consequentialism offers a unifying justification for these duties. I challenge the first part of the ruleconsequentialist argument and show that Rossian duties match our moral convictions better than the rule-consequentialist principles. I ask the rule-consequentialists a simple question. In the case that circumstances change, is the wrongness of acts determined by the ideal principles for the earlier circumstances or by the ideal ones for the new circumstances? I argue that whichever answer the rule-consequentialists give the view leads to normative conclusions that conflict with our moral intuitions. Because some set of Rossian duties can avoid similar problems, rule-consequentialism fails in the reflective equilibrium test advocated by the rule-consequentialists. 相似文献
968.
Scalability coefficients play an important role in Mokken scale analysis. For a set of items, scalability coefficients have
been defined for each pair of items, for each individual item, and for the entire scale. Hypothesis testing with respect to
these scalability coefficients has not been fully developed. This study introduces marginal modelling as a framework to derive
the standard errors for the scaling coefficients and test hypotheses about these coefficients. Several examples demonstrate
the possibilities of marginal modelling in Mokken scale analysis. These possibilities include testing whether Mokken’s criteria
for a scale are satisfied, testing whether scalability coefficients of different items are equal, and testing whether scalability
coefficients are equal across different groups. 相似文献
969.
970.