Understanding the social emotional practices of therapists

Emotions are central to the therapy process and skilful use by therapists of client emotion is an essential catalyst to client change. However, the contribution of emotion to the therapy process and how therapists’ social emotional skills are incorporated into psychological practice is still unclear. Using a statistical method for mapping psychological constructs, therapists’ social emotional skills were transformed into a “map” with three spatial dimensions, which was supported by comparative reliability checks. The nature of social emotional skills was further investigated by administering a Q-Sort of emotional practice items to 47 therapists. Ten highly applicable clusters of social emotional skills across seven style patterns with therapists were identified. Tentative links were drawn between demographic data and both clusters and therapist styles. These findings suggest therapists’ social emotional skills can be organised into meaningful clusters and that therapists can be styled according to their responses across these clusters. Furthermore, gaps identified in the model suggest possible “blind spots” in the literature. The implications of these findings are significant for training and practice.     

培训迁移影响因素研究述评

对培训迁移的研究从关注培训本身发展到关注培训以外影响其效果的因素,且焦点集中在对于企业来说更可控的因素上,主要是迁移气氛与组织特征。培训迁移气氛包括情境线索与结果两个维度。该文分析了影响培训迁移的几个主要因素,并根据已有的研究,提出了培训迁移研究未来的方向,例如,组织和个人的职业生涯管理与培训迁移的关系,以及培训类型的扩展对培训迁移带来的影响     

亚健康的心理危险因素:模型与进展

自上世纪80年代以来,亚健康的研究热潮已经持续了二十多年,亚健康的概念在我国已经被广泛认知和使用,然而人们对亚健康的概念、诊断、病理的认识仍然模糊,在国际学术界也始终没有出现被普遍使用的对应的专业名词,在这种情况下,迫切需要识别和应用危险因素以服务于临床的预防、筛查、干预。本文从"危险因素"的概念入手,借鉴"素质-应激"模型,区分了"危险信号"与其他因素,将亚健康的心理危险因素纳入"易感素质-危险诱因-心理危险信号"模型中,在此理论架构下,详细回顾了亚健康在心理易感素质、应激、心理危险信号方面的研究进展,阐述了亚健康的心理病理机制,支持了在亚健康的预防、干预中重视心理因素的价值。最后,文章对未来的研究方向提出建议。     

青少年恋爱关系：研究取向、方法与影响因素

青少年恋爱关系是在性吸引基础上建立起来的一种相互认可的、至少持续一段时间的强烈的情感联系和互动关系, 其研究取向主要有生物社会取向、认知表征取向和发展背景取向, 研究方法主要包括自我报告法、观察法和录像回顾法。影响青少年恋爱关系的有个体因素、人际关系因素和社会因素, 未来可在理论的整合、关系品质的稳定性及微观背景作用的机制、样本的代表性等方面进一步研究。     

GATA4在心肌肥厚中的作用

新近观点认为,病理性心肌肥厚是心肌细胞与冠脉血管不平衡生长的结果,即冠脉系统的生长不能够赶上心肌生长,从而导致心肌收缩障碍和心力衰竭。GATA4是其中一个重要转录调控因子,传统认为它与心肌收缩障碍和心力衰竭密切相关;现在研究发现GATA4是鼠类心脏血管生成的关键调控因子,在各种疾病导致的心肌肥厚中,冠脉血管生成有利于持续的心脏功能代偿,延缓心衰发生。由此看来,在心肌肥厚发病过程中,GATA4既是一个破坏者,也是一个保护者。     

琥珀酰明胶容量治疗对脑死亡后血清TNF—α、IL－1β、IL－6水平的影响

为了观察脑死亡后不同液体容量治疗对血清肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF—α）、白细胞介素－1β（IL-1β）和白细胞介素－6（IL－6）等炎症介质水平改变的影响,选用巴马小型猪15只,随机分为3组各5只,即对照组（C组）、4％改良琥珀酰明胶组（MFG组）及乳酸林格氏液组（RL组）。C组不建立脑死亡模型,给与乳酸林格氏液30ml·kg^-1·d^-1～40ml·kg^-1·d^-1。MGF组和RL组为脑死亡组,采用颅内加压法建立脑死亡模型,MFG组给与4％改良琥珀酰明胶溶液30ml·kg^-1·d^-1,RL组给与乳酸林格氏液30-40ml·kg^-1·d^-1。分别于麻醉后及首次判定脑死亡后3、16、12、18和24h留取血样,检测血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL--6水平。结果发现MGF组较RL组血压和心率平稳;RL组TNF--α、IL-1β和IL-6水平自脑死亡后3h点开始逐渐升高;MFG组TNF--α、IL--1β和IL-6水平脑死亡后3h点开始亦升高,但升高幅度均较RL组低;三组间自脑死亡后3h点开始,组间比较差异有统计学意义。提示脑死亡后血清炎症介质TNF—α、IL-1β和IL--6释放增加,琥珀酰明胶可抑制脑死亡后TNF--α、IL--6、IL-1β等炎症介质的释放,减轻炎症反应,改善机体状况。     

规范化治疗体系对抑郁症治疗依从性的干预研究探讨

抑郁症的药物治疗是一个长期的过程,因此治疗依从性极其重要,然而,因疾病特点、药物、医患等多方面原因,导致治疗依从性较差,如何提高治疗依从性成为备受关注的问题。国内外相关研究较多,其中系统规范的随诊模式,抑郁症及药物知识的教育,心理治疗及对家庭成员相关知识的教育干预等均被证实确实有效。本文就各种干预方法进行探讨,以期确立系统规范的随诊、治疗体系,提高治疗依从性。     

体外循环术后患者延迟撤机的危险因素分析

为了探讨ICU内体外循环术后患者延迟撤机的危险因素,收集了2005年5月～2007年10月我院体外循环术后患者共305例,根据患者机械通气时间分为延迟撤机组（机械通气时间≥24h）和早期撤机组（机械通气时间〈24h）,对患者术前基础血糖、白蛋白、肌酐及射血分数（EF）,术中是否应用球囊反搏术、转机时间（CPB）、主动脉阻断时间（ACC）及输血量,术后生命体征、肾功能、24h引流量、APACHEⅡ评分及机械通气时间等围手术期临床指标进行回顾性分析。结果显示,患者年龄、术前白蛋白和EF,CPB、ACC、是否行球囊反搏术,术后APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、肌酐、血小板、APTT、氧合指数、是否再次行开胸探查术等围手术期参数差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;Logistic多元回归分析显示低EF（EF〈40％,OR=6．07）、CPB（〉234min,OR=4．69）及ACC时间（〉172min,OR=4．32）延长、术后高APACHEⅡ评分（〉16,OR=5．36）是体外循环术后延迟撤机患者预后的主要影响因素。提示体外循环术后患者EF低、CPB（〉234min,OR=4．69）及ACC时间延长、术后APACHEⅡ评分高是延迟撤机的主要危险因素。     

SLE患者焦虑抑郁影响因素调查分析

为了探讨SLE（systemic lupus erythematosus）即系统性红斑狼疮患者焦虑抑郁心理影响因素,应用Zung焦虑自评量袁（Self—rating anxiety scale,SAS）和抑郁自评量表（self—rating depression scale,SDS）,对36例系统性红斑狼疮患者进行检测,辅以自行设计因素调查表进行相关因素调查。结果显示,SDS和SAS均分为49．70±11．3和42．13±8．9,与国内常模比较,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．01。单因素分析显示：对疾病的恐惧感、对病情了解程度、治疗效果、药物副作用、家庭经济状况、家庭支持、婚姻关系、睡眠质量、担心事业受影响、躯体症状的反复出现、社交娱乐活动受限、担心医护不精心12项因素与SLE患者抑郁焦虑状态的发生显著相关,P〈0．01。证明SLE患者抑郁焦虑心理与对疾病的恐惧感、治疗效果、家庭经济状况、睡眠质量等因素相关,这为心理干预提供了依据。     

What does it take to let go? An investigation into the facilitating and obstructing factors of forgiveness–the therapist's perspective

The phenomenon of forgiveness, initially neglected by psychotherapists due to its religious connotation, is finding increasing recognition as a transformative process involving the injured party in a profound way. This thesis is based on therapists’ experiences with clients who have been emotionally wounded. However, its content may be of relevance also for those who are struggling to forgive as well as those who are in a position to help others undergoing this process. Fifteen practitioners, most of them highly experienced, from eleven different countries on four different continents, have shared their observations and experiences by filling in an e-mail administered in-depth questionnaire. The topic has been approached with the following study objectives: the nature of forgiveness, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors affecting forgiveness, and the role of the therapist in the client's process of letting go. A qualitative research design has been applied for the data analysis, to identify the major themes of each research question, representing the facilitating and obstructing conditions relevant for forgiveness. Since the danger of premature forgiveness emerged as a recurrent concern, a “forgiveness chart” has been developed, assigning the analysed data to relevant categories: A reference tool designed to support a genuine process of letting go.