信任对创造力的影响:激发、抑制以及倒U假设

信任和创造力都是心理学的重要研究对象。近年来,心理学、教育学以及管理学的研究者主要在团体情景中,围绕信任如何影响创造力的问题展开了一系列的理论和实证研究。从总体上看,当前学术界存在信任对创造力影响的激发、抑制和倒U三种假设。激发假设代表信任对创造力存在普遍的积极促进作用;抑制假设则意味信任对创造力存在消极抑制作用;而倒U假设表明信任在冲突等其它变量的影响下可能对创造力产生"甜点效应"。3种假设各有其理论基础和实证支持,但也都存在一些问题。未来该领域研究还应沿着妥善选择测量方法,厘清信任对创造力的影响,深化信任对创造力影响的机制问题等研究角度进一步拓展和深入。     

Parent–child value similarity in families with young children: The predictive power of prosocial educational goals

Value transmission from one generation to the next is a key issue in every society, but it is not clear which parents are the most successful in transmitting their values to their children. We propose parents’ prosocial educational goals as key predictors of parent–child value similarity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the more parents wanted their children to endorse values of self‐transcendence (helping, supporting, and caring for others) and the less parents wanted their children to endorse the opposing values of self‐enhancement (striving for power and achievement), the higher would be parent–child overall value similarity. Findings from two studies of families – Study 1: 261 Swiss families, children aged 7–9 years; Study 2: 157 German families, children aged 6–11 years – confirmed this hypothesis. The effect was even stronger after controlling for values that prevail in the Swiss and German society, respectively. We integrate evidence from this study of values in families with young children with existing findings from studies with adolescent and adult children, and we discuss potential pathways from parents’ educational goals to parent–child value similarity.     

Introduction to the Special Section ‘Innovative counselling and psychotherapy research methods’: Defining the future of counselling and psychotherapy research

In the call for papers for this Special Issue, we sought submissions that would introduce innovative methods with the potential to shape counselling and psychotherapy research into the future. We believe that we accomplished this goal and that this issue introduces a range of valuable examples of current innovations in counselling and psychotherapy research methods. Through the review process, we encouraged authors to offer practical guidelines on how to innovatively assess and analyse change and other relevant aspects of therapy. We also guided authors to not only provide the field with an update on cutting‐edge methodology, but also describe these methods in a practice‐friendly way. As such, the Special Issue aims at becoming a building block for future practice‐friendly research in counselling and psychotherapy.     

浅谈中医阴阳理论认识局限与创新

提出了中医传统阴阳理论认识的局限性,并客观分析了局限性产生的原因,结合现代哲学和相关科学知识大胆地提出了现代中医阴阳理论的新认识——地球生态系统阴阳观,并就其内涵及应用意义进行简要阐述,进一步丰富了中医基础理论,为中医药研究、教学、临床等提供新的理论参考,以期促进中医事业发展,为中医、中西医结合发展提供有益探索。     

"心理发展与教育"的新认识——写在首届"中学和高校的趋势、机遇和挑战——教育家的会议"之后

心理发展和教育的关系涉及到如何从学生心理发展的角度出发,选择适宜的教育模式问题,它是当代发展心理学与教育心理学的一个重要课题。首届"中学和高校的趋势、机遇和挑战——教育家的会议"从自我同一感和道德教育、心理的连续型发展与教育衔接、内隐学习与实践教育出发,就心理发展和教育间的关系提出了一些全新的理解,为解决中等教育实践中的多个问题提供了宝贵的建议。     

组织创新气氛的研究进展与展望

组织创新气氛（organizationalinnovationclimate）是组织成员对组织环境创新特性的一致性认知。在文献研究的基础上,文章从组织创新气氛的概念与形成、结构与测量、组织创新气氛与创新绩效的关系等方面,对国内外组织创新气氛研究进行了归纳概括,指出了该研究领域存在的问题,并提出了一些具体的改善建议     

教育现实情境取向的教育心理学研究——德国近十年教育心理学发展的基本走向

摘 要：迄今国内对德国教育心理学的发展状况了解、评介甚少。在全球化的今天,将目光聚焦于曾对心理学,其中包括教育心理学做出过巨大贡献,至今仍在国际心理学界占一席之地的德国十分必要。文章以三种德文教育心理学权威学术期刊近十年发表的论文为资料源进行分析,概括出德国教育心理学的新近发展特点是：以教育现实情境为基本研究取向,以学习者心理研究为中心,以量化研究为主并注重多方法结合,凸现了教育心理学对教育实践的指导价值。德国教育心理学发展的基本走向为：重视校外环境对学习者的影响,重视教与学双主体的相关能力及面临的问题的解决,重视以多媒体网络技术为基础的新媒体的作用、重视整合研究及国际交流等。     

对中学超常儿童的教育实验——北京八中首届超常实验班追踪研究

为期四年的超常儿童的教育实验,详细考察了超常儿童在特殊班级教育条件下的学习潜力、认知和个性发展及身体发育等情况。结果显示,这种教育形式既适应了超常儿童较大的学习潜力,促进了他们认知的进一步发展,激发了他们积极的个性特征,而且身体发育良好。从而证明,特殊班级的集体教育对中学阶段的超常儿童是一种有效的教育形式。     

Parent Involvement in School Conceptualizing Multiple Dimensions and Their Relations with Family and Demographic Risk Factors

Parent involvement (PI) in school is associated with more positive academic performance and social competence in children. However, there are inadequacies in current measures of PI and a need for a better understanding of predictors of PI. In this study, measures were obtained from a normative sample of 387 children in kindergarten and first grade from high-risk neighborhoods in 4 different sites. First, a confirmatory factor analysis of a theoretical factor model of PI identified 6 reliable multiple-reporter PI factors: Parent–Teacher Contact, Parent Involvement at School, Quality of Parent–Teacher Relationship, Teacher's Perception of the Parent, Parent Involvement at Home, and Parent Endorsement of School. Next, the relations among 3 specific family and demographic risk factors—parental education level, maternal depression, and single-parent status—and these 6 PI factors were examined using path analyses in structural equation modeling. Results indicated that the 3 risk factors were differentially associated with the 6 PI factors: Parental education was significantly associated with 4 PI outcomes, maternal depression was significantly associated with 5 PI outcomes, and single-parent status was significantly associated with 3 PI outcomes. No significant ethnic group differences between African American and Caucasian families were found in these relations.