Analog scale,magnitude estimation,and person trade‐off as measures of health utility: biases and their correction

Subjects judged the disutility of health conditions (e.g. blindness) using one of them (e.g. blindness+deafness) as a standard, using three elicitation methods: analog scale (AS, how bad is blindness compared to blindness+deafness?); magnitude estimation (ME, blindness+deafness is how many times as bad as blindness?); and person trade‐off (PTO, how many people cured of blindness is as good as 10 people cured of blindness+deafness?). ME disutilities of the less bad condition were smallest, and AS was highest. Interleaving PTO with ME made PTO more like ME. AS disutilities were inconsistent with direct judgments of differences between pairs of conditions. ME and PTO judgments were internally inconsistent: e.g. the disutility of one‐eye‐blindness relative to blindness+deafness was larger than predicted from comparison of each to blindness. Consistency training reduced inconsistency, increased agreement between AS and PTO, and transferred from one method to the other. The results support the use of consistency checks in utility elicitation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从对立走向统一——生态伦理学发展趋势研究

在生态伦理学研究中,人类中心主义和非人类中心主义围绕自然存在物有无道德地位等问题展开了激烈争论。这种争论的不可调和性及其观点的不可公度性,意味着生态伦理学自身发生了严重的形而上学危机。如何摆脱这一危机,使生态伦理学研究向纵深发展,成为摆在人们面前的一项重要任务。黑格尔关于人的自由意志是一个否定之否定过程的观点为走出这种争论提供了理论依据,马克思关于人与自然界完成本质统一的思想亦为消解这种对立奠定了理论基础。     

基于遗传算法的模糊综合评价在心理测量中的应用

提出了运用模糊数学对利克特量表数据进行分析的方法, 探讨了人们在进行模糊综合评价时, 所采用的算子和对各个自变量的权重分配, 并且运用遗传算法(GA)来确定相关的权重。以大学生对康师傅红烧牛肉面的评价数据为例, 运用基于遗传算法的模糊综合评价方法, 发现男生采用了“最大最小”合成算子, 女生采用了“有界和、取小”合成算子。研究结果表明, 基于遗传算法的模糊综合评价方法可以对利克特量表的心理测量数据进行有效的分析。     

初中生学业成就动机量表的编制

本研究根据我国初中生的实际编制了一套测量初中生学业成就动机的自陈式量表。该量表由外部行为表现和内部心理因素两个分量表构成。行为表现分置表包括主动性、行为策略和坚持性三个子量表,心理因素分量表包括能力、兴趣、目的、知识价值观四个子量表。测题分析和测验分析的结果表明此量表具有较高的信度和效度,能用于鉴别初中生学业成就动机的水平。     

"生态平衡":中国心理学研究突围的别一个方向

当下心理学研究出现的种种问题就其实质而言,是一种生态失衡现象,因此,心理学欲走向健康发展之轨道,应注重心理学研究的生态建设。     

中学师生内隐智力观的发展研究

采用半结构式访谈调查与问卷调查相结合的方法,对中学师生的内隐智力观进行了研究。结果发现：在对聪明男女中学生重要特征的评定中,中学教师对于智力的理解多集中于与认知有关的因素,并且评价所涉及到的方面随被评价对象年龄增长而调整;中学生对于智力的理解多集中于与人际交往有关的因素,并且随着年龄增长表现出更加看重内在特征的趋势;中学教师与中学生的内隐智力观存在一致性,主要表现为他们对聪明特征的评定因被评价对象的年龄和性别不同而变化,也存在一定的差异,具体为教师和学生强调的方面有所不同。     

启新、拓新与创新——论生态伦理学对伦理学的贡献

构建和谐社会,必须弘扬生态伦理,繁荣生态伦理学。生态伦理学对伦理学的贡献功不可没,主要体现为：开辟了伦理学研究的新领域,确立了处理人与自然关系的新原则,培育了人对自然的新态度,对传统思想展开了新的系统批判,明确了人类在自然生活中扮演的新角色,对伦理学基本观念进行了新阐释,制定了人类行为新规范。     

《管子》生态伦理思想及其当代启示

《管子》生态伦理思想具有丰富而深刻的内涵,“天人相分”与“天人合一”的天人观,“道为物要”与“德润万物”的伦理观,“人君天地”与“人与天调”的实践观。其深刻的精神理念对我们今天的生态文明建设具有重要的借鉴意义。这些启示我们应从强化生态意识、加强生态制度建设、实施行为生态化建设、坚持生态化修养建设等方面加强生态文明建设。     

临床护士心理弹性现状及其影响因素的研究

了解临床护士心理弹性现状,分析影响护士心理弹性的因素,为管理者掌握临床护士心理健康状况,提高心理弹性水平提供参考依据。采用中文版心理弹性量表（CD—RISC）,对535名临床护士进行调查。结果显示,临床护士心理弹性总分为（56．78±18．43）分;其心理弹性在不同人口统计学方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;多元逐步回归分析显示心理弹性的主要影响因素是：工作年限和是否为独生子女。临床护士心理弹性处于中等水平,医院管理者应重视培养个体心理弹性素质,有针对性地开展弹性拓展训练,提高护理质量。     

An account of the relationship between fluid intelligence and complex learning in considering storage capacity and executive attention

Although fluid intelligence and complex learning are conceptualized differently and assessed by apparently different measures, both theoretical accounts and empirical evidence suggest a relationship between the two constructs. In this study, major working memory aspects including the storage capacity and executive attention were proposed to account for the relationship between fluid intelligence and complex learning. A sample of 184 participants completed fluid intelligence and complex learning scales, as well as working memory measures that each included two or three treatment levels differing in the demands on capacity or executive control. The differences among the treatment levels provided a favorable precondition for employing fixed-links models to separate the core processes of storage capacity or executive attention from the auxiliary processes. Results indicated that both storage capacity and executive attention contributed significantly to fluid intelligence and complex learning. A further analysis showed that the two working memory aspects, particularly the storage capacity, accounted for most of the shared variance between fluid intelligence and complex learning.