早期肿瘤筛查与例行体检评价

例行体检不同于早期肿瘤筛查。早期肿瘤筛查也称机会筛查,是需要针对不同肿瘤的流行病学与发病特点,进行人群的选择。主要从已发表的文献,目前肿瘤筛查的现状、指南及专家相关建议出发,对早期肿瘤筛查及例行体检的特点做了简单剖析,同时对两者的优缺点等方面做了讨论。在此基础上,突出揭示了如何正确做好肿瘤早期筛查的必要性。结合实际自身情况及现有相关政策的情况下,合理选择筛查方式,将筛查成本效益最大化。     

语言转向和西方心理学理论和研究的深入发展

语言转向是西方哲学自我批判的产物,对西方心理学摆脱"康德式难题"具有重要意义。该文以西方哲学语言转向的内在逻辑为理论背景,分析了由此引发的西方心理学研究主题、线索和路径变迁。分析哲学、解释学和结构主义是语言转向的三种方式,共同实现了20世纪的语言转向,影响心理学理论和研究的变迁,推动心理学关注语言建构和文本陈述,激发新的心理学理论和研究。     

喜树碱类药物四十年研发的回顾与反思

通过对喜树碱类药物研发过程的历史回顾,探讨其存在的哲学意义和对其它植物药研发的价值。     

中西哲学会通视野中生命教育的认知与实践

生命教育作为高等医学教育的一个重要组成部分,已经得到了广泛认可。然而,在现阶段由于实践上的片面强调以及理论上的粗浅阐释,关于生命教育的研究仍是处在一个有待深化与拓展的层次。而从哲学的视野开拓对生命教育的认知,进而从中西方哲学会通的视野深化这一认知并挖掘其思想传统与相互的共鸣之处,则是对这一现状的积极回应。它具有非常重要的必要性,也有助于深化对生命教育的认知与提升对生命教育的实践。     

中医学的人文文化与科学文化

文化现象是一个中性的概念,但涉及文化的继承、弘扬问题,就不能不涉及到价值判断,梳理中医学积极的价值体系应是中医的人文文化研究的主要目标之一。中医学治疗疾病的有效性与探索治病规律、治病原理的特质决定了其自然科学属性。对于中医学无论进行怎样的人文文化研究,都不应当排斥对中医的科学文化的追求。对于中医学进行人文文化研究应当避免各种科学名义的干扰,同时也要避免用人文文化的研究方法解决具体的科学问题。中医学的科学研究应当与其积极的价值体系相统一。     

Forgiving Computers: The Rise of Automation and Implications for Counseling

It is becoming common for decisions with serious consequences to be made by automation. Therefore, it is important for counselors to consider the challenges of working with clients who are affected. If a high‐consequence decision that leads to tragedy is made by a computer, does this change the counseling process? This article starts this discussion by investigating forgiveness therapy as it applies to computers. First, forgiving a human is qualitatively different from forgiving a computer. Next, examples of automated decisions are presented. Finally, the authors discuss issues that clients wishing to forgive a computer face, suggest interventions, and propose a research agenda.     

Developmental Delays at Arrival,Early Intervention Enrollment,and Adopted Chinese Girls’ Academic Performance and Internalizing Problems in Adolescence

The author investigated the extent of developmental delays in girls adopted from China, their subsequent early intervention (EI) enrollment, and how the delays and EI were related to their academic performance and internalizing problems in adolescence. The sample included 180 adolescent girls (M = 13.4 years, SD = 2.0 years) who were adopted at 3–23.5 months (M = 11.5 months, SD = 3.7 months). Data on the adopted Chinese girls’ delays at arrival and EI enrollment in physical therapy (PT) and speech–language therapy (SLT) were collected from the adoptive mothers at the Baseline; data on the adopted Chinese girls’ present academic performance and internalizing problems were collected from the adoptive mothers and adopted girls at Wave 4 six years later. Data analyses revealed that 55% of the adoptees had moderate-to-severe delays when first arrived at the adoptive homes. Motor delays significantly increased the odds for PT (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98, 95% CI [2.18, 7.82], p <.001) and SLT (OR = 2.36, 95% CI [1.50–3.72, p <.001). Social-cognitive delays also significantly increased the odds for PT (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.36, 2.63], p <.001) and SLT (OR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.22, 2.17], p <.001). Motor delays were negatively associated with academic performance but positively associated with internalizing problems. General linear modeling showed that the adoptees who had developmental delays at arrival and subsequently enrolled in EI scored significantly lower on academic performance than their peers who had delays but did not enroll in EI, as well their peers who had no delays and did not enroll in EI. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

EARLY PARENTING SUPPORT AND INFORMATION: A CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE

The transition to parenthood is a period of both joy and challenge for most parents. There is a recognized need to support parents during this period, yet existing interventions have shown limited evidence of efficacy. This study takes a consumer‐focused approach to examine the needs and preferences of parents both prenatally (n = 77) and postnatally (n = 123) for parenting support. The study used a cross‐sectional design with a purpose‐built online survey. Parents were recruited via online forums, Facebook and parenting blogs, childcare centers, and playgroups. In general, all parents were satisfied with their current levels of both formal and informal support, and about one fourth of parents had accessed a parenting intervention. Parents expressed a moderate level of interest in additional parenting information, and parents expecting their first baby indicated preferences for information about basic baby care needs whereas postnatally, parents expressed more interest in topics around self‐care and behavior management. The implications for developing interventions and engaging families are discussed.     

谈谈个人对智力落后儿童早期干预的看法

本文作者根据从事智力落后儿童的早期干预教学研究的实践经验对当今在我国开展早期干预的必要性以及早期干预的目的、设置的理由、内容、方式、对象、教师的条件、效果的评价以及开展的步骤等9个问题,提出了自己的看法。