Two sides of the same coin: The differentiating role of need satisfaction and frustration in passion for screen-based activities

Rooted in Self-Determination Theory, the present research sought to investigate whether the “bright” and “dark” side of human functioning (need satisfaction and need frustration, respectively) would, as determinants, differentially predict harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP) for screen-based activities such as Facebook use, TV series watching, online gaming, and smartphone gaming. For this purpose, four cross-sectional studies were carried out (N_total = 1,065). Results showed that, across all activities, need satisfaction was negatively related to OP, but not HP. A similar pattern emerged with need frustration: It was positively related to OP, but not HP. Moreover, even after controlling for the self-reported amount of time spent on the activities, HP predicted adaptive, activity-specific outcomes, whereas OP predicted maladaptive ones. These findings suggest that general need satisfaction may be a protective factor against the compensatory function of OP, but need frustration may be a potential risk factor of OP and both should be taken into account in the case of passion for screen-based activities.     

Factors that impact the sociocultural adjustment and well-being of Syrian refugees in Stuttgart – Germany

This study investigated the impact of age, gender, language and acculturation choice on the sociocultural adjustment and well-being of Syrian refugees in Stuttgart, Germany. A total of 214 Syrian refugees participated in this study by filling a demographics questionnaire, the Acculturation Attitudes Scale (AAS-16), the Revised Sociocultural Adjustment Scale (R-SCAS), and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-18). The results showed that the level of German language acquisition significantly correlated with sociocultural adjustment. No significant correlation was found between age and depression level and no significant difference in depression scores were found as a function of gender. Integration significantly correlated with sociocultural adjustment and mental health. Assimilation correlated significantly with sociocultural adjustment, and separation correlated negatively with mental health.     

Hope as a Mediator of Bullying Involvement and Emotional Difficulties in Children

This study investigated hope as a mediator between children’s bullying involvement and emotional difficulties in a sample of 1,060 school‐age children (Grades 3–6). Results from structural equation modeling suggested that victimization leads to emotional difficulties both directly and indirectly through hope. Perpetration was indirectly associated with emotional difficulties. Findings highlight the role of children’s cognitive‐motivational process for emotional well‐being in response to bullying involvement. Implications for counseling interventions are discussed.     

知情同意对危重病患者心理影响的现状研究

探讨知情同意对危重病患者的心理影响。根据知情同意实施现状,将患者分为患者知情组、家属知情组,采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法对两组知情同意前、后的心理状况进行评估和比较。采取自愿方式及适宜的告知方法由患者本人知情同意,患者的心理状况与选择家属知情同意的患者无明显区别。     

功能性消化不良

功能性消化不良（FD）是临床上常见的症候群,其发病机制可能与胃及十二指肠的高敏感、胃肠运动障碍、幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染、精神心理因素等有关。症状为反复发作的上腹部不适、疼痛、早饱、腹胀等。目前FD的诊断以罗马Ⅲ为标准,即无可以解释症状的器质性疾病的证据（包括内镜）,诊断前症状至少出现6个月,近3个月症状符合以下1点或1点以上：餐后饱胀不适、早饱、上腹痛、上腹烧灼感。治疗以去除诱因及对症治疗为主,包括避免劳累及精神紧张,应用抑酸药、促胃肠动力药、根除H．pylori、西甲硅油乳剂、抗抑郁及中药等。     

Review of refugee mental health and wellbeing: Australian perspectives

This review covers refugee mental health and wellbeing within the Australian context to assist psychologists who provide services for, or who conduct research with, refugees. It provides a brief overview of the refugee movement, prior to examining evidence relating to the impacts of pre‐displacement, displacement and resettlement factors on psychological adjustment in the resettlement phase, and the systemic and sociopolitical factors that influence the process of adaptation during resettlement. Australian findings suggest that mental health and wellbeing outcomes are influenced by a complexity of pre‐displacement, displacement, resettlement and systemic factors; the detention or award of temporary residence to refugees who are already experiencing psychological distress on arrival are cases in point. Limitations of the findings are considered. More research into the combined, pathwise relations between the psychosocial pre‐determinants and psychological sequelae of the refugee experience is required. Finally, suggestions for the development of practice, training and ethical guidelines are offered.     

散文学习过程中自我解释的实验研究

自我解释已经为许多研究所证实,但是多数研究使用的都是自然学科的内容作为实验材料,探讨散文学习过程中自我解释的研究较少.因此,本研究引入组别变量,自我解释对散文学习的影响.结果发现:(1)自我解释对散文学习产生了影响,对散文的阅读理解具有促进作用;(2)自我解释对散文学习产生影响机制可能是认知缺口填补和心理模型修正(3)自我解释是可以学习和迁移的,并且其中提供的反馈有助于提升自我解释的准确性.     

Envy,Facts and Justice: A Critique of the Treatment of Envy in Justice as Fairness

A common anti-egalitarian argument is that equality is motivated by envy, or the desire to placate envy. In order to avoid this charge, John Rawls explicitly banishes envy from his original position. This article argues that this is an inconsistent and untenable position for Rawls, as he treats envy as if it were a fact of human psychology and believes that principles of justice should be based on such facts. Therefore envy should be known about in the original position. The consequences for Rawlsian theory—both substantive and methodological—are discussed.

Psychological type preferences of female Bible College students in England

A sample of 122 female students attending a Pentecostal Bible College in England completed Form G (Anglicised) of the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The data demonstrated preferences for extraversion over introversion, for sensing over intuition, for feeling over thinking, and for judging over perceiving. The predominant type was ISFJ (16%), followed by ESFJ (12%). Comparison with the population norms demonstrated an over‐representation of intuitives among this sample of Bible College students.     

The Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI) and Hilson Research inventories: Development and rationale

This article provides a “behind-the-scenes” account of how and why the Inwald/ Hilson tests were developed. Since the 1970s, personality testing has been adapted and customized for use in selecting applicants for different occupations, including police, public safety, fire and emergency services personnel. The author developed the Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI) in 1979 as the first comprehensive behaviorally-based personality measure designed and validated specifically for use in high risk occupations, such as law enforcement. Over time, studies consistently demonstrated that the IPI was a better predictor of poor job performance than were traditional tests of psychopathology. While antisocial behavior patterns and characteristics measured by the IPI predicted poor job performance, there also developed a need for measures that would predict above-average/excellent performance in the workplace. In 1988, the author designed and validated the first comprehensive test of “positive” work-related characteristics or “emotional IQ,” the Hilson Personnel Profile/Success Quotient (HPP/SQ). Other instruments followed, including the Inwald Survey 5 — Revised (IS5-R) with questions added on domestic violence. This article describes the theoretical rationale, development and validation of several instruments developed by the author and now widely used for high risk occupations and for screening corporate managers and key personnel in occupational settings.